Peter receives revelation saying to reveal gospel to Gentiles.

Louisiana Legislature places ownership of children born to slaves with the enslaved mother's owner.

Joseph translates BOM, "God denieth none, bond & free, black & white."

Joseph adds that Canaan is cursed with a "vail of darkness" in his Bible translation.

Phelps says "we have no special rule in the church, as to people of color."

John Whitmer describes violence against Mormons in Missouri.

W. W. Phelps records a letter from a group of Missourians to Latter-day Saints.

1835 First Presidency explains why they included a section on government in the Doctrine and Covenants.

Joseph signs ministerial certificate for Able attesting to status as elder.

Joseph talks about potential effects of emancipation.

Wilford Woodruff calls Joseph Ball an "Elder."

Woodruff describes Joseph Ball as "Elder."

Lilburn Boggs directs John B. Clark to carry out the extermination order.

Wilford Woodruff refers to Ball as "elder."

First Presidency, while announcing Nauvoo Temple, says that "persons of . . . every colour" will worship in the sanctuary of the temple.

Willard Richards records in Joseph's journal that Joseph described Black people as "sons of Cain."

Joseph commends Black people who cultivate themselves.

Joseph makes a joke about Black people.

Joseph describes himself as "a friend of equal rights to all men."

Joseph Smith lists his views on emancipation in his campaign pamphlet.

Joseph teaches that the temple is a place for "all nations . . . to receive their endowments."

Woodruff writes to Brigham about William Smith's mismanagement of the branch.

John Taylor states that the descendants of Ham have black skin, and are "apostate of the holy priesthood" and that the abolitionists are trying to make void the curse.

Thomas C. Sharp, editor of the Warsaw Signal, gives notice that he plans to publish a proclamation by William Smith.

Willard Richards notifies the Church in Times and Seasons of the excommunication of William Smith on Oct 12, 1845 for having "turned away from the truth".

Heber C. Kimball's journal records Hofheintz couple as receiving their endowment in Nauvoo.

James Allen Scott describes details of the large assembly room for dedication services on the first floor of the Nauvoo Temple.

The United States declares war against Mexico.

Congressional act creating Utah Territory.

Wilford Woodruff records entering the Salt Lake Valley.

Entry for Oscar (Smith) Crosby in pioneer company records describes him as "colored."

Congressional act abolishing slavery in U.S. territories.

Brigham says he doesn't care about the blood or color of McCary.

Parley P. Pratt refers to Ham lineage as cursed with regards to the priesthood.

Brigham criticizes interracial marriage and mentions "if they were far away from the Gentiles they would all [h]av[e] to be killed."

List of Francis McKown's family in a wagon company roster includes 2 slaves.

South Carolina laws regulate the assembling of both enslaved and free African Americans.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican-American War.

Alabama act prohibits slaves from traveling independently of their masters.

Virginia law forbids interracial marriages.

Brigham says that Africans are cursed descendants of Cain.

Wilford Woodruff writes a letter to Thomas L. Kane about slavery.

List of slaves in Tooele in the Official 1850 census, lists "none."

Official 1850 census schedule 2 lists the number of slaves in Salt Lake County.

The official 1850 US Census includes an entry for Green Flake.

San Pete County's official 1850 census shows no slaves living in the county (original and copy).

List of slaves in the draft 1850 census for Utah Green River Precinct, shows "none."

List of slaves in Weber county in the 1850 census, shows "none" (original and copy).

Orson Hyde explains why William Smith was excommunicated.

Orson Hyde explains Utah servitude laws.

Brigham Young advises the residents of Iron County to buy and raise Indian children.

Brigham states that the curse of Ham makes Black people servants and he forbids slavery.

Wilford Woodruff records reference to the curse of Cain and how that impacts blessings.

Brigham Young addresses Native American slavery in an address to the Utah Territorial Legislature.

Brigham explains slave law in Utah.

Brigham Young explains how Sally Kahpeputz Young came into his household.

Wilford Woodruff records Brigham explaining a restriction on priesthood and temple blessings for any man having "one drop of the seed of Cane in him."

Brigham expresses opposition to slave abuse and support for Black service.

Brigham explains why he disapproves of American slavery but says life is better for them than others in Europe.

Brigham expresses belief in the curse of Cain.

Brigham affirms the right of citizenship for Black people but denies the right of governance.

LaJean Carruth transcribes of Brigham's speech instituting the priesthood and temple restrictions.

Brigham speaks on the need to treat "the seed of Cain" well as servants.

Brigham defends servitude in Utah and advocates for a type of segregation to create unity.

Brigham comments on Green Flake's health.

In his diary, Charles C. Rich says he has a "negro."

Entry in Brigham's journal for Williams Camp's case.

Brigham says to "keep blacks out."

Probate registration of Daniel Camp by Williams Camp.

Bill of sale documents transfer of a slave from Abraham O. Smoot to Thomas S. Williams.

Probate registry for Jerry, Caroline, and Tampian by Duritha Lewis.

John Brown lists a servant as one of his assets.

Lehi Ward records include baptismal record for Nancy Lines Dennis.

Brigham includes "n---er stealing" among the "treasonous" actions of which other Americans could be accused.

John Taylor disparages abolitionists and underground railroad.

Ezra T. Benson holds that the Saints will not involve themselves in freeing Black people from enslavement.

In a history of Indiana, John B. Dillon lists Indiana Territory slave laws.

Deseret News provides summary of Miller v. Williams as of August, 24, 1859.

Martha Ann Morris is listed in Green Flake's household in the 1860 census.

Brigham offers to buy enslaved Black man in order to free him.

US 1860 census schedule 2 for Davis County includes enslaved individuals.

US 1860 Census includes entry for Nancy Lines Dennis.

South Carolina declares secession.

Brigham tells Horace Greeley that slavery is "of divine institution" and will persist until the curse of Ham is removed.

Brigham rejects abolitionists in the North and the Southern slaveholders alike.

Brigham rejects both abolitionists and "negro-drivers."

Brigham says "whites will be cursed" for their "abuse" of Black people "unless they repent."

John Taylor leaves the question of liberation of Black people due to a "higher law" to other parties.

Terms of surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia.

1852 Utah territorial act concerning Native American slavery.

Paul de Lagarde offers reprint of MS Leiden regarding Ephrem's view of Ham's blackness.

Brigham teaches Lorenzo Young that nobody was neutral in the war of heaven and teaches the curse of Cain.

Brigham refers to the priesthood and temple restrictions.

Joseph commanded by angel to use water not wine for sacrament.

Zebedee Coltrin recalls that Joseph Smith said to him that "the Negro has no right nor cannot hold the Priesthood."

First Presidency meeting minutes record John Taylor's conclusion that Elijah Able was ordained before the "word of the Lord was fully understood."

John Taylor comments on importance of submitting decisions to body of Church.

EBS justifies priesthood ban in poem using premortal unworthiness explanation.

George Q. Cannon tells J. Floyd King Church's views on "inferior races."

George Q. Cannon articulates the priesthood restriction.

Los Angeles Herald states that "more than one colored brother was 'blood atoned' for taking unto himself a white woman."

Chattanooga Daily Times profiles the lives of Black Saints moving to Utah.

Jane Manning James indicates that her race was through Ham.

Jane Manning James tells Taylor that Emma invited her to be adopted as a child.

Horatio, a southern states missionary, reports that Black people are welcomed at their meetings, and also reports that the KKK target missionaries.

Joseph invites Jane Manning James to be adopted into family.

Heber J. Grant records Lorenzo Snow's remembrance of Brigham Young's teachings on the reasons for the priesthood ban.

George Q. Cannon notes the Anglo-Saxon nature of Utah.

Jane Manning James writes her autobiography.

William J. Flake's submission for the Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia.

Juvenile Instructor rejects knowledge of neutrality in premortality.

Elder B. H. Roberts argues that some of God's most noble spirit including Jesus Christ, Joseph Smith, and Black people are sometimes born into the most difficult circumstances.

Cannon states that Joseph taught that the seed of Cain could not receive the priesthood.

Broad Ax cites Republican operative who supports Samuel Chambers being in legislature.

Salt Lake Tribune gives a description of Green Flake, "the only colored survivor of the band of '47," as a "vigorous, broad-shouldered, good-natured, bright old gentleman."

Broad Ax reports on Alex Bankhead and Marinda Redd's time as slaves and Mormons in Utah.

Deseret Evening News debates on what ordinances black people can receive based on Brigham's language.

Cannon cites what John Taylor told him in Nauvoo about his conversation with Joseph about the priesthood ban.

Grant tells a morality story using a minstrel show and n-word.

Brigham denied Elijah Able's endowment.

Jane Manning James asks J. F. Smith for her endowment.

The Salt Lake Tribune announces Green Flake's death.

DN repudiates SLT report on EB's funeral.

President Joseph F. Smith lauds Black people who "in their hearts and in their manners" are "far superior to many of their boasting white brothers."

J. Golden Kimball says same persecutors of LDS are also lynchers.

JFS rejects premortal explanation, affirms Cain explanation.

Joseph F. Smith states that all ordinations of Black people must be rendered null and void.

David O. McKay uses "negro" to describe those who reject importance of labor.

Nelson Ritchie tells John Whitaker that his children had been sealed.

Richard Barry comments on LDS views on black people in 20th-century.

Booker T. Washington reports favorably on a two-day stay in Utah, remarking that he was told "the Mormon church treated the colored people well."

Rey Pratt hopes for eradication of "racial feelings."

HJG uses story to mock black people, uses n-word.

Jenson gives date for Able's ordination as an Elder and a Seventy.

B. H. Roberts comments on canonization process.

Charles Penrose suggests that capacity to recognize truth is rooted in race.

Utah Ku Klux Klan sees "big increase in membership" despite "powerful opposition by the Mormons."

Pageant depicts Mormons in same light as "negroes."

Alice Daniels describes events surrounding the setting apart of her father, William P. Daniels, as branch president.

David O. McKay urges Rulon Howells to focus on Germans in Brazil since they have not intermarried with Black people.

Len Ross Hope, Sr. and Mary Hope describe their conversion and give their testimonies.

J. Reuben Clark proposes that the Twelve review past statements and make a ruling on whether "one drop" of blood disqualifies someone from receiving the priesthood.

JCM writes to JJM advising segregation of blood in blood banks.

Elder Feramorz Y. Fox concludes that members kept their property after consecrating it in the 1850s.

Joseph Fielding Smith explains the application of Moses 7 in missionary work among the "Canaanites."

JAW rejects notions of "master race."

CEY uses allegations of miscegenation advocacy as example of "motive questioning."

US Interior Secretary Stewart Udall details members who are "Negrophobes" among his reasons for disaffection from the Church.

Heber Meeks inquires of Lowry Nelson over missionary work in Cuba.

Lowry Nelson criticizes priesthood ban to the First Presidency.

Heber Meeks mentions priesthood ban/adjacent teachings as potential reasons to stay out of Cuba.

GFR uses black people as cautionary tale on valiance.

David O. McKay explains that denying the priesthood to Black Saints is part of the eternal plan of God, based on the book of Abraham and related to factors in premortal life.

The First Presidency warns Lowry Nelson to "re-orient your thinking."

HJ and RB reject notions that "white blood" differs from "black blood."

1949 First Presidency provides a statement on the priesthood and temple restriction for Black Saints to an anonymous correspondent.

LEB produces typescript of 1949 FP statement.

Arthur M. Richardson compiles quotations from Church sources to defend segregation.

Chicago Daily Tribune announces that the American National Red Cross will not segregate blood.

William E. Berrett provides expanded version of 1949 First Presidency statement dated August 17, 1951.

William E. Berrett provides expanded version of 1949 First Presidency statement dated August 17, 1951.

South Africa mission president Evan P. Wright tells the First Presidency of the many member and leader challenges related to requirements of the priesthood ban.

In correspondence with O. Boyd Mathias, Rowena J. Miller, on behalf of J. Reuben Clark, counselor in the First Presidency, states that blood is separated by race at LDS hospital but that Clark gives never gives guidance on blood transfusions.

Abner Howell describes the assignment he received from Church leaders to go on a "mission" to activate Black Latter-day Saints.

David O. McKay notes experience dealing with the priesthood ban.

Sterling M. McMurrin summarizes his conversation with David O. McKayin March 1954 on the priesthood ban wherein McKay stated that it was a "practice, not a doctrine."

Sterling M. McMurrin thanks David O. McKay for a recent visit.

Ernest L. Wilkinson follows up with Elder Adam S. Bennion on views of Dr. Chauncy Harris "with respect to the Negro problem."

Mark E. Petersen justifies segregation based on beliefs about consequences of interracial marriage.

Clifford E. Young celebrates lack of racial animosity in congregation in Hawaii.

Leonard J. Arrington tells Thomas F. O'Dea that the priesthood ban is "one of the biggest stumbling blocks" for some of the "liberals" in the Church.

BRM notes that blacks are not proselytized.

Joseph Fielding Smith says that Black people cannot receive patriarchal blessings proving them the blessings of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob until the Lord removes the restriction, due to not being valiant in the spirit world.

BYU Anthropology professor John L. Sorenson writes Sterling M. McMurrin congratulating him on his talk to the NAACP and observing that doctrines have had little practical effect on discrimination and that Church leadership often have difficulty in getting members to follow them.

BYU president Ernest L. WIlkinson reports that three members of the Board "were in favor of barring colored students from BYU."

Lee contests legitimacy of Able's ordination.

In a letter, First Presidency counselors Henry D. Moyle and Hugh B. Brown reply to Stewart L. Udall, stating their understanding of the position of the Church with respect to Black people.

Church News reports President Joseph Fielding Smith of the Twelve's rebuttal of Clare Boothe Luce's characterization of the Church's views of Black people and defends Latter-day Saint Michigan governor George W. Romney.

Ambrose Chukwu publishes article in Nigerian newspaper describing the priesthood ban and concludes that Latter-day Saints should be barred from the country.

Wallace Turner reports on early 1960s efforts to lift restriction.

Church member Jeff Nye writes an article in Look magazine that criticizes the priesthood ban against Blacks in the Church.

Hugh B. Brown says "load him with bitter racial prejudice and you have a Disraeli."

First Presidency makes statement affirming "full civil equality for all of God's children."

R. Greg Nokes discusses claims that discrimination against Black people in Utah is among worst in nation and that the Church has been reluctant to use its influence to pass civil rights legislation.

David O. McKay approves the policy that baptisms for the dead for Black people be performed by non-Blacks as proxies "if this can be accomplished without offense."

Apostle Delbert L. Stapley advises George W. Romney to support segregation on theological grounds.

Harold B. Lee offers criteria for doctrinal authoritativeness.

Abner Howell recounts events from his life as a Black Latter-day Saint.

LaMar Williams describes instruction received by David O. McKay and other church leaders prior to beginning his assignment as "Presiding Elder of Nigeria."

David O. McKay says he is convinced that Nigerians should be baptized, receive the sacrament, and have auxiliary organizations.

Joseph Fielding Smith states that patriarchal blessings of Black Saints should declare them to be of the lineage of Cain or Canaan.

Armand L. Mauss compares Latter-day Saints with Catholics and Protestants and finds that they are slightly more racist than some, and slightly less racist than others.

Stewart Udall sends a letter with his manuscript to an editor of Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought.

Time Magazine says that the priesthood ban is "the doctrine most under fire within the Church," citing Stewart Udall and others.

Wallace Turner, writer for the New York Times, chronicles the reaction to Stewart Udall's letter criticizing the priesthood ban.

Elder Delbert L. Stapley responds to an article on the priesthood ban by Stewart Udall, outlining scriptures and teachings supporting the ban and expressing his regret for the "disservice" the article does to the Church.

Bruce R. McConkie teaches that Black people are "lacking spirituality" and that the "doctrine of pre-existence" explains the existence of Black people.

In an editorial in the BYU Daily Universe, Jaron Summers writes that Martin Luther King made the "Ultimate Sacrifice" and comments on the irony of his death by violence.

Black athletes at University of Texas El-Paso boycott BYU track meet.

In a letter to the editor of the BYU Daily Universe about Martin Luther King, BYU student Barbara J. McDaniel argues that "a great man's death . . . is never 'dead news'".

Sterling M. McMurrin writes Llewelyn McKay and his brothers to report a March 1954 conversation with their father, President David O. McKay, where McKay is remembered as saying that the ban is a practice, not a doctrine.

BYU Daily Universe writer Judy Geissler is thankful to be "of the white race" but also wants to end the racial "double standard" in America.

BYU Daily Universe sports editor, Roger Gillespie, criticizes San Jose State for its sports boycott and their "misunderstanding" of the Church's view.

BYU Daily Universe editor Pierre Hathaway says that there is no way to tell the number of Black people applying to BYU.

Hugh B. Brown comments on what makes teachings binding.

Ernest L. Wilkinson, Gordon B. Hinckley, and Thomas S. Monson develop a public statement describing an updated BYU Admissions Policy.

BYU President Ernest L. Wilkinson reported that a "sit-down strike" by Black players at Stanford University had been planned for the BYU basketball game.

Following an investigation, Hollis B. Bach notifies Ernest L. Wilkinson by letter that BYU is deemed to be in compliance with the Civils Rights Act of 1964.

The Daily Universe reported BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson as saying there was no annual quota of Black speakers on campus, rather than the Board of Trustees deemed the three already selected for the current year as being "sufficient."

Eugene Register-Guard reports on the dismissal of fourteen Black University of Wyoming football players for revealing their plan to wear black armbands in protest during a game against BYU.

BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson reports that disagreements among the Twelve on BYU policy on Black students required postponement of a special Board meeting.

South Idaho Press writes about legal support for University of Wyoming Black football players.

BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson authors a memo to the Board of Trustees detailing recent protests against BYU due to accusactions of racism and proposes new recruitment and admissions policies.

Stanford University will not schedule new athletic events against BYU football becuase of priesthood ban.

BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson participates in a meeting of the Western Athletic Conference and finds a "very strong feeling" against the priesthood ban.

N. Eldon Tanner and Hugh B. Brown sign a statement under the name of the First Presidency saying that the origins of ban are not known.

N. Eldon Tanner and Hugh B. Brown sign a statement under the name of the First Presidency supporting civil rights and discussing priesthood ban.

LK quotes HBB's prediction re: lifting the ban.

Stanford University president Kenneth Pitzer suggests that the recognition of LDS Students Association is in jeopardy because of LDS "racial doctrine."

N. Eldon Tanner and Hugh B. Brown sign a statement under the name of the First Presidency saying that the origins of ban are not known.

Roger Porter reports a letter and statements by Sterling M. McMurrin regarding the latter's recollection of a conversation with President David O. McKay about whether the priesthood and temple ban was a doctrine or a matter of practice.

Merced Wards help a Black Baptist Church with a building project.

NYT reports on conservative/liberal discussion on priesthood restriction.

Members of a student fact-finding committee at the University of Arizona propose measures for increasing exposure of BYU to Black people and recommend that athletic protests against BYU related to the priesthood ban be suspended.