Black Saints and the Priesthood (Joseph Smith era)
257 Primary Sources
Date | Summary | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
400 - | Septuagint records Ham account, using chi (χ) rather than the Greek equivalent of chet [ח]. | Septuagint | Scribed Summary 3rd Hand Late | |
1733 | Elihu Coleman explains that the belief that Black people are descended from Cain was common. | Elihu Coleman Non-LDS | Direct | |
1782 | 1782 "Negro Register" references Kino and her son "Peter." | Washington County, Recorder of Deeds Non-LDS | Direct | |
1802 | African Society of Boston lists Joseph Ball Sr. as a founding member. | African Society (Boston, Mass.) Non-LDS | Direct | |
1810 | Ball family is classified as non-white in 1810. | United States Government Non-LDS | Direct | |
1820 | Ball family is marked as "free colored persons" in the 1820 census. | United States Government Non-LDS | Direct | |
1828 | Webster's 1828 Dictionary defines "black" as a "a negro; a person whose skin is black." | Noah Webster Non-LDS | Secondary | |
1829 | Joseph translates BOM, "God denieth none, bond & free, black & white." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim Translation | |
1830 | 1830 census lists Sarah Hofheintz as a free black woman. | The National Archives and Records Administration Non-LDS | Holograph | |
1830 | In 1830, Ball was listed as "white" in the census. | United States Government Non-LDS | Direct | |
Jun 1830 - | In Moses 7, Enoch was commanded not to teach people of Canaan. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jun 1830 - | The Book of Moses records that "the seed of Cain were black and had not place among them." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jul 1830 | Joseph reveals Church to be governed "by common consent." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
1831 - | Joseph translates Moses including the phrase that Canaanites had "blackness" come upon them. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Feb 1831 - | Joseph adds that Canaan is cursed with a "vail of darkness" in his Bible translation. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Mar 26, 1831 | Christian Register reports on Mormons in Kirtland and mentions a Black man who is said to have jumped 25 feet without injury. | Christian Register Non-LDS | Journalism | |
Jul 12, 1831 | Connecticut Courant reproduces an article where "Black Pete" is said to have jumped 25 feet without injury and believes he can fly. | Painesville (Ohio) Gazette Non-LDS | Direct Reprint Journalism | |
Jul 12, 1831 | Black Pete Kerr described as a "chief man." | Painesville (Ohio) Gazette Non-LDS | Reprint Unsourced | |
Jul 17, 1831 | W. W. Phelps includes text of alleged revelation from Joseph. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim 2nd Hand Reprint Late | |
Aug 3, 1831 | Middlebury Free Press reports on how the "Mormonites" have an African American member ("Black Pete") who believes he can fly. | Middlebury Free Press Non-LDS | Journalism | |
Jul 1833 | Phelps says "we have no special rule in the church, as to people of color." | W. W. Phelps LDS | Direct | |
Jul 16, 1833 | Evening and Morning Star reports policy of not admitting Black people to the state or Church. | Evening and Morning Star LDS | Direct | |
Jul 16, 1833 | Richards clarifies previous article by saying that the Church has nothing to say about slavery and opposes free Black people entering the state on legal grounds. | Willard Richards LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Sep 11, 1833 | Richards provides MS list of mob members. | 1833 Missouri Mob LDS | Direct | |
Dec 16, 1833 | Joseph Smith reveals "it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
1834 | David Child rejects the curse of Cain theory. | David Child Non-LDS | Direct | |
1834 | Wheatley discusses the outcome of her enslavement and describes Africans in Cain-like terms. | Phyllis Wheatley Non-LDS | Direct | |
Jan 30, 1834 | Farmers and Mechanics Advocate reprints Jackson County mob manifesto. | 1833 Missouri Mob Non-LDS | Direct Reprint | |
1835 | 1835 First Presidency explains significance of content in Doctrine & Covenants. | First Presidency LDS | Direct | |
1835 | 1835 First Presidency explains why they included a section on government in the Doctrine and Covenants. | First Presidency LDS | Direct | |
Feb 6, 1835 | W. W. Phelps states that the mark and curse of Cain is black skin. | W. W. Phelps LDS | Direct Reprint | |
Mar 1835 | W. W. Phelps believes black skin is an indicator of spiritual standing. | W. W. Phelps LDS | Direct | |
Aug 1835 | Oliver Cowdery records a statement on slavery in 1835 Doctrine & Covenants 102 (now 134). | Oliver Cowdery LDS | Direct | |
Dec 31, 1835 | Unknown author composes hymn that celebrates future missionary work in Africa. | Unknown LDS | Direct | |
Jan 12, 1836 | Joseph and others invite Black saints to come to worship at Kirtland Temple. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Mar 17, 1836 | Cowdery records Kirtland Conference rejecting Ball as an Elder. | Oliver Cowdery LDS | Direct Scribed Paraphrase | |
Mar 31, 1836 | Joseph signs ministerial certificate for Able attesting to status as elder. | Frederick G. Williams LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Apr 1836 | Messenger and Advocate calls for masters of slaves to be converted and kind as well as calling emancipation "destructive" and interracial marriage "devilish." | Messenger and Advocate LDS | Direct | |
Apr 1836 | Messenger and Advocate states that people can buy and free slaves provided they go to a different continent. | Messenger and Advocate LDS | Direct | |
Apr 1836 | M&A comments on "degrading nature" of Black people. | Messenger and Advocate LDS | Direct | |
Apr 1, 1836 | Joseph advocates non-interference with slavery. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct Reprint | |
Apr 1836 | Joseph talks about the potential effects of emancipation. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct Reprint | |
Apr 1836 | Joseph interprets the Bible to justify his views on slavery. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct Reprint | |
Jul 18, 1836 | Governor Dunklin maintains that Saints are abolitionists until proven otherwise. | Daniel Dunklin Critic Non-LDS | Scribed Verbatim Reprint | |
1837 | Adam Clarke refers to Noah giving Ham Africa. | Adam Clarke Non-LDS | Direct Secondary | |
1838 | Weld criticizes use of Cain myth for African origins. | Theodore D. Weld Non-LDS | Direct | |
May 25, 1838 | Wilford Woodruff describes Joseph Ball as "Elder." | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Holograph Direct | |
May 25, 1838 | Wilford Woodruff calls Joseph Ball an "Elder." | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Holograph Direct | |
May 25, 1838 | Wilford Woodruff serves with Joseph Ball on a mission. | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jul 1838 | Woodruff describes working with Joseph Ball during the winter. | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Direct | |
Aug 1838 | Elders' Journal says there are Black people who "[wear] white skins." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct | |
Aug 31, 1838 | Joseph, Rigdon, and the ER use "negro" identity disparagingly. | Elders Journal LDS | Direct | |
Sep 5, 1838 | Glezen and Shepherd publishes pamphlet where Richard Weldon compared Saints to Black people with respect to voting rights. | Richard Weldon Critic Non-LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Nov 12, 1838 | Unknown witness notes Joseph did not laugh at a joke about Black people. | State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason Non-LDS | Scribed Summary | |
Dec 31, 1838 | Edward Patridge relates how a team of Black people carried goods to the saints and were attacked. | Edward Partridge LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jan 1, 1839 | Pratt notes role of perceived abolitionism in persecution. | Parley P. Pratt LDS | Direct | |
Dec 12, 1839 | Wilford Woodruff refers to Ball as "elder." | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Dec 12, 1839 | Joseph Ball has difficulty with other elders, which were settled. | Boston High Priests Quorum LDS | Direct Scribed Summary | |
1840 | Sarah Ann Mode Hofheintz listed as white in 1840 census. | The National Archives and Records Administration Non-LDS | Holograph | |
1840 | Sarah Ann Mode Hofheintz listed as white in 1840 census. | The National Archives and Records Administration Non-LDS | Holograph | |
1840 | The Ball family was listed as white in the 1840 census. | United States Government Non-LDS | Direct | |
1840 | LaFayette C. Lee recalls Joseph saying that his words were, at times, cited as if scripture. | Lafayette C. Lee LDS | Scribed Paraphrase 2nd Hand | |
Aug 17, 1840 | John Patten charges Elijah Fordham with playing a violin at a Black gala. | Hosea Stout LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Oct 1840 | First Presidency while announcing Nauvoo Temple says that "persons of . . . every colour" will worship in the temple. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct | |
Dec 15, 1840 | Joseph Ball expresses his belief in the work. | Joseph Ball LDS | Direct | |
1841 - | William Walker recalls Joseph offering to give him a horse. | William Holmes Walker LDS | 2nd Hand Reprint | |
Jan 25, 1842 | Joseph says indigenous peoples have more cause to complain than Black people. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jan 25, 1842 | Willard Richards records in Joseph's journal that Joseph described Black people as "sons of Cain." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Feb 1842 | Book of Abraham states Pharaoh was restricted from the priesthood because of lineage. | Willard Richards LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Mar 7, 1842 | Joseph condemns slavery in a letter to Bennett. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct Reprint | |
May 9, 1842 | Sloan records Ball receiving an Elders License. | James Sloan LDS | Holograph Direct | |
May 28, 1842 | William Smith speculates that Boggs was shot "by one of his own negroes." | William Smith LDS | Direct | |
Nov 5, 1842 | Joseph has a conversation with a group of indigenous people with a Black interpreter. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Summary | |
Dec 30, 1842 | Joseph Smith recommends freeing, educating, and giving equal rights to slaves. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Jan 2, 1843 | Joseph advocates for equal rights but segregation of races. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct Scribed Paraphrase | |
Jan 2, 1843 | Joseph commends Black people who cultivate themselves. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct Scribed Paraphrase | |
Jun 7, 1843 | Nauvoo Neighbor states that Black people are industrious. | Nauvoo Neighbor LDS | Scribed Verbatim Reprint | |
Jun 14, 1843 | Nauvoo Neighbor reports that a Black man was involved in a crime and he was burned to death. | Nauvoo Neighbor LDS | Direct | |
Jun 25, 1843 | Elijah Able holds calling as a seventy in Cincinnati. | H. Elliott LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jul 1, 1843 | Campbell writes an account of Saints in Clay County. | Robert L. Campbell LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Jul 1843 | Nott argues "probable extermination of the two races if the Whites and Blacks are allowed to intermarry." | J. C. Nott Non-LDS | Direct | |
Jul 14, 1843 | Joseph makes a joke about Black people. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jul 19, 1843 | Letter to editor of Nauvoo Neighbor condemns the lynching of Black people. | Saul Among the Prophets LDS | Direct | |
Aug 16, 1843 | J. C. Nott states that interracial marriage will produce infertile couples. | J. C. Nott Non-LDS | Direct | |
Aug 27, 1843 | Joseph teaches that priestood comes from Gods, not from your parents. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct Scribed Paraphrase | |
Dec 1843 | Joseph describes himself as "a friend of equal rights to all men." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct | |
Jan 2, 1844 | Joseph urges for Missouri slaveowners and mobs to be punished. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jan 2, 1844 | Joseph considers Saints associated with plight of "rebellious n---ers." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Jan 26, 1844 - | Joseph's presidential platform includes abolishing slavery. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct | |
Feb 7, 1844 | Joseph lays out a plan for compensated abolition. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Direct | |
Feb 8, 1844 | Joseph enforces anti-miscegenation law in Illinois. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Mar 6, 1844 | Hyrum tells Jane Manning James that the one who put the mark on her forehead can remove it. | Hyrum Smith LDS | Scribed Verbatim Reprint | |
Mar 7, 1844 | Joseph says Black people should be sent to Texas and Mexico "where all colors are alike." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Mar 10, 1844 | William Clayton reports Alexander Badlam commenting on the "unfortunate race of beings the negroes." | Alexander Badlam LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Apr 6, 1844 | John Taylor promises patriotic principles will protect Black people as well as "any other man." | John Taylor LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Apr 6, 1844 - | Joseph says the system Christ opened up is for all nations and colors. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
May 12, 1844 | Joseph teaches that the temple is a place for "all nations . . . to receive their endowments." | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Paraphrase | |
Jun 1, 1844 | Ball serves as chair of Joseph's Boston election committee. | The Prophet LDS | Direct | |
Jun 17, 1844 | Joseph receives a warning from an anonymous Black person about plot against Joseph. | Joseph Smith, Jr. LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Oct 9, 1844 | Woodruff writes to Brigham about William Smith's mismanagement of the branch. | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Holograph | |
Dec 31, 1844 | Lucy commented on how "unlovely" the hut was that Salisbury had to give birth in. | Lucy Mack Smith LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Apr 27, 1845 | Hyde uses premortal explanation to give an opinion on origins of Black people. | Orson Hyde LDS | Scribed Verbatim Reprint Late | |
Apr 27, 1845 | Hyde uses premortal explanation to give an opinion on origins of Black people. | Orson Hyde LDS | Scribed Verbatim Reprint Late | |
Jun 1, 1845 | George Hales records evidence that Able still held the priesthood in 1845. | George Hales LDS | Scribed Paraphrase Reprint | |
Dec 24, 1845 | Heber C. Kimball's journal records Hofheintz couple as receiving their endowment in Nauvoo. | William Clayton LDS | Direct Reprint | |
1845 | John Whittier sees Enoch Lewis preaching. | John Greenleaf Whittier LDS | Direct | |
1845 | Lucy mentions that there are Black people on their boat. | Lucy Mack Smith LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
May 1, 1846 | James Allen Scott describes details of the large assembly room for dedication services on the first floor of the Nauvoo Temple. | James Allen Scott LDS | Holograph | |
Sep 24, 1846 | CHE-MO KO-MON describes large sanctuary for public meetings on the first floor of the Nauvoo Temple. | CHE-MO KO-MON Non-LDS | Direct | |
Mar 1, 1847 | Robert Campbell provides basic details about William McCary. | Robert L. Campbell LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Mar 26, 1847 | Brigham praises Walker Lewis for his worthiness. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Apr 25, 1847 | Pratt refers to Ham lineage as cursed with regards to the priesthood. | Parley P. Pratt LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
May 19, 1847 | William Appleby recalls Walker Lewis as being meek, humble, and ordained by William Smith. | William I. Appleby LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jun 2, 1847 | Appleby sees Lewis, an elder ordained by William Smith. | William I. Appleby LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jun 2, 1847 | William Appleby gives details on Walker Lewis's life. | William I. Appleby LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jun 2, 1847 | Appleby sees Lewis, an elder ordained by William Smith. | William I. Appleby LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jun 2, 1847 | William Appleby refers to Walker Lewis, whose son had married a white woman. | William I. Appleby LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jun 2, 1847 | Appleby notes the son of Lewis is married to a white woman. | William I. Appleby LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jun 16, 1847 | Appleby writes he is ashamed to meet a white woman married to a Black man. | William I. Appleby LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Dec 2, 1847 | Brigham criticizes interracial marriage and mentions "if they were far away from the Gentiles they would all [h]av[e] to be killed." | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Dec 2, 1847 | William I. Appleby references the interracial marriage of Enoch Lewis. | William I. Appleby LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Feb 13, 1849 | Brigham says that Africans are cursed descendants of Cain. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Feb 1850 | William Smith states that Orson Hyde ordained William McCary. | William Smith Excommunicated Critic | Direct Unsourced | |
Mar 4, 1850 | Wilford Woodruff records receipt of a letter from Quaku Walker Lewis. | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Jun 1, 1851 | Brigham states that the curse of Ham makes Black people servants and he forbids slavery. | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
1852 | Wilford Woodruff's summary of a February 13, 1849 meeting in which Brigham Young states that black people are inelligible for the Priesthood because of the curse of Cain. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Paraphrase 2nd Hand Reprint | |
1852 | Wilford Woodruff records reference to the curse of Cain and how that impacts blessings. | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Scribed Summary Reprint | |
Jan 1, 1852 | Utah act forbids interracial sexuality. | Utah Territorial Legislature LDS | Direct Reprint | |
1852 | Josiah Priest rejects Cain theory in favor of the curse of Ham theory. | Josiah Priest Non-LDS | Direct | |
1852 | Fletcher argues that Ham married descendant of Cain. | John Fletcher Non-LDS | Direct | |
Jan 16, 1852 | Wilford Woodruff reports that Brigham offered an explanation for the ban. | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jan 16, 1852 | WW records BY explaining priesthood/temple restriction | Wilford Woodruff LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jan 23, 1852 | Brigham states Black people can't "bear rule" while cursed. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Jan 23, 1852 | Brigham expresses his belief in a Biblical curse on Black people. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Feb 5, 1852 | Brigham says that, as a prophet he knows, Black people are the children of Cain and "cannot bear rule in the priesthood." | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Feb 5, 1852 | Brigham denounces interracial marriage and gives an explanation for the priesthood and temple restrictions. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Feb 5, 1852 | Brigham affirms the right of citizenship for Black people but denies the right of governance. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Feb 5, 1852 | LaJean Carruth transcribes of Brigham's speech instituting the priesthood and temple restrictions. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Feb 5, 1852 | Brigham expresses belief in the curse of Cain. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Nov 10, 1852 | Quaku Walker Lewis returns from Utah and reopened his barber shop. | Lowell Courier Non-LDS | Direct Reprint Journalism | |
Feb 5, 1856 - | Samuel Woolley provides an account of disciplinary action for interracial marriage. | Samuel A. Woolley LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Nov 3, 1856 | Lowell Daily Citizen and News reports that Quaku Walker Lewis died of dropsy. | Lowell Daily Citizen and News Non-LDS | 2nd Hand Journalism | |
Oct 9, 1859 | Brigham says that Black people cannot hold priesthood office because of the curse of Cain. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
May 20, 1860 | Brigham alludes to Joseph's alleged views on slavery. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Paraphrase 2nd Hand | |
Jun 11, 1860 | The 1880 U.S. Census lists Rebecca Bentley (Meads) as a person of mixed-race. | James Woodward Non-LDS | Holograph | |
Oct 8, 1860 | Brigham says "we are all the children of one Father, whether we be … black or white." | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Dec 31, 1860 | Brigham tells Horace Greeley that slavery is "of divine institution" and will persist until the curse of Ham is removed. | Horace Greeley Non-LDS | Scribed Verbatim Journalism | |
Jan 1, 1861 | N. B. Johnson inquires whether mixed-race ancestry makes him ineligible for priesthood. | N. B. Johnson LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Sep 25, 1861 | Brigham Young says he would confer any blessing possible on Isaac Manning. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Summary | |
Mar 8, 1863 | Brigham says that interracial marriage warrants death. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Aug 9, 1863 | Harvard Professor Louis Agassiz gives opinion on the morality of "half-breeds." | Louis Agassiz Non-LDS | Holograph Direct | |
Oct 6, 1863 | Brigham states that curse of Ham still exists on Black people. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Dec 21, 1864 | George A. Smith refers to Black Pete Kerr as a "revelator". | George A. Smith LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Dec 25, 1869 | Brigham teaches Lorenzo Young that nobody was neutral in the war of heaven and teaches the curse of Cain. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Paraphrase | |
Mar 19, 1870 | Mobile Weekly Tribune reports on three Black Latter-day Saints in Mobile. | Mobile Weekly Tribune Non-LDS | Direct Unsourced Journalism | |
Apr 9, 1871 | Brigham teaches that Cain was cursed with black skin. | Brigham Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
May 1, 1873 | Eighth Ward Minutes record that Samuel Chambers is appointed assistant deacon. | Salt Lake Stake Historical Record LDS | Holograph | |
1874 | Brown rejects Cain origin for peoples of African ancestry. | William Wells Brown Non-LDS | Direct | |
Jul 4, 1874 | Brigham refers to the priesthood and temple restrictions. | Brigham Young LDS | Unsourced Journalism | |
Dec 8, 1874 | Thomas C. Jones records Samuel Chambers' testimony. | Samuel Davidson Chambers LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
May 6, 1879 | Joseph F. Smith reports on Abel's ordination. | Elijah Able LDS | Scribed Summary Late | |
May 6, 1879 | Smith reports on Able's biographical details. | Elijah Able LDS | Scribed Summary Late | |
May 31, 1879 | Zebedee Coltrin and Abraham Smoot claim Joseph said Black members could not hold the priesthood. | Zebedee Coltrin LDS | Scribed Verbatim Late | |
May 31, 1879 | Zebedee Coltrin claims Joseph dropped Elijah Able from quorum of the seventy. | Zebedee Coltrin LDS | Scribed Verbatim Late | |
May 31, 1879 | Zebedee Coltrin anoints Elijah Abel in the Kirtland Temple. | Zebedee Coltrin LDS | Scribed Verbatim Late | |
Jun 4, 1879 | John Taylor states that he thought Abel's ordination was a mistake. | John Taylor LDS | Scribed Summary 2nd Hand | |
Jun 4, 1879 | First Presidency meeting minutes record Joseph F. Smith repeating a statement by Elijah Able that Joseph said he (Able) was "entitled to the priesthood." | John Taylor LDS | Scribed Summary 2nd Hand Secondary | |
Jun 4, 1879 | John Taylor states that he thought Abel's ordination was a mistake. | John Taylor LDS | Scribed Summary 2nd Hand | |
Jun 1, 1880 | The U.S. Census reports that Harriet Church was listed as white and married to Thomas Church with eight children in Utah in 1880. | FamilySearch LDS | Holograph | |
Nov 15, 1880 | George Q. Cannon discusses canonization process. | George Q. Cannon LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Nov 15, 1880 | John Taylor comments on importance of submitting decisions to body of Church. | John Taylor LDS | Scribed Summary | |
Apr 13, 1882 | Los Angeles Herald says that there are Black Saints and "The Prophet made no distinction as to race, color or previous condition of servitude. | Los Angeles Herald Non-LDS | Direct | |
Oct 1883 | Missouri Supreme Court cites infertility as reason to ban interracial marriage. | Missouri Supreme Court Non-LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Oct 25, 1883 | H. M. Turner references Brigham explaining the priesthood and temple restrictions. | H. M. Turner Non-LDS | Direct Journalism | |
Oct 25, 1883 | H. M. Turner comments on mixed-race marriage in 19th-century Utah. | H. M. Turner Non-LDS | Direct Unsourced | |
Dec 13, 1883 | Jackson County Banner reports on Elijah Able's missionary visit to Indiana. | Jackson County Banner Non-LDS | Journalism | |
Dec 20, 1883 | Emporia Republican disparages Black Mormons and claims they join for polygamy. | Emporia Republican Critic Non-LDS | Direct | |
Nov 14, 1884 | Chattanooga Daily Times profiles the lives of Black Saints moving to Utah. | Chattanooga Daily Times LDS | Direct Scribed Summary | |
Dec 27, 1884 | Jane Manning James tells Taylor that Emma invited her to be adopted as a child. | Jane Manning James LDS | Late Secondary | |
Dec 27, 1884 | Jane Manning James was offered to be adopted by Joseph and Emma Smith. | Jane Manning James LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct Late | |
Dec 31, 1884 | Deseret News reports death of Elijah Able. | Deseret News LDS | Journalism | |
Jan 1888 | W. R. Hine's claims that "Black Pete" claimed a revelation to marry a white woman (a daughter of F. G. Williams). | W. R. Hine Critic Non-LDS | Direct Reprint Late | |
Apr 1888 | Henry Carroll recalls "Black" Pete's activities in Kirtland. | Henry Carroll Resigned Critic | Direct | |
Apr 1888 | Miller recounts "Black Pete" being a good singer and the physical abuse he once suffered during a meeting. | Joel Miller Critic | Direct Reprint Late | |
Apr 1888 | Harmon states that young LDS women chased after "Black Pete" in his 1888 statement. | Reuben P. Harmon Critic | Direct Reprint Late | |
Feb 7, 1890 | Jane Manning James writes to Joseph F. Smith about receiving the endowment, about adoption, and about being sealed to Walker Lewis. | Jane Manning James LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Sep 7, 1890 | Joseph invites Jane Manning James to be adopted into family. | Jane Manning James LDS | 2nd Hand Reprint | |
Oct 1, 1890 | Heber J. Grant records Lorenzo Snow's remembrance of Brigham Young's teachings on the reasons for the priesthood ban. | Heber J. Grant LDS | Secondary | |
1891 | Registration of 1891 Deaths of L. Ball lists J. Ball Sr. as being from Jamaica, West Indies. | Division of Vital Statistics (Boston, Mass.) Non-LDS | Direct | |
Mar 25, 1893 | George Q. Cannon notes the lack of interracial marriage in Utah. | George Q. Cannon LDS | Direct Journalism | |
Dec 31, 1893 | Jane Manning James recalls Joseph welcoming and complimenting her faith. | Jane Manning James LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
1893 | Jane Manning James writes her autobiography. | Jane Manning James LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
1893 | Jane Manning James accounts her Presbyterian experience in Connecticut. | Jane Manning James LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
1893 | Jane Manning James recounts Emma asking her to be adopted into Smith family. | Jane Manning James LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
1894 | In 1894 registration of deaths in Boston, M. Ball's father, J. Ball Sr., is listed as being from Jamaica, West Indies. | Division of Vital Statistics (Boston, Mass.) Non-LDS | Direct | |
Jan 15, 1894 | Zina D. H. Young recalls Joseph's and Emma's invitation for James to be adopted. | Zina D. Young LDS | Direct | |
Jun 1, 1894 | Lydia Alder records Jane Manning James's patriarchal blessing being read during a May 1894 Women's Meeting. | Lydia D. Alder LDS | Direct | |
Aug 22, 1895 | Cannon states that Joseph taught that the seed of Cain could not receive the priesthood. | George Q. Cannon LDS | Reprint Unsourced | |
Mar 14, 1896 | Broad Ax newspaper cites Republican operative who supports Samuel Chambers being in legislature. | "The Little Dictator" | Scribed Verbatim Journalism | |
Oct 5, 1896 | Richards says that Joseph taught that the "seed of Cain" would not receive their "final redemption" until after the "seed of Abel . . . should all have their opportunity." | Franklin D. Richards LDS | Scribed Verbatim Reprint | |
Dec 16, 1897 | Cannon states that he was told by John Taylor in Nauvoo about Joseph Smith's priesthood ban teachings. | George Q. Cannon LDS | 2nd Hand Reprint Late | |
Mar 25, 1899 | Broad Ax reports on Alex Bankhead and Miranda Redd's faithfulness to Mormonism. | Broad Ax Non-LDS | Journalism | |
Oct 2, 1899 | Salt Lake Herald-Republican describes some of Jane Manning James's life in the Church. | Salt Lake Herald-Republican Non-LDS | Direct Journalism | |
1902 | Joseph and Emma invite Jane Manning James to board with them. | Jane Manning James LDS | Scribed Verbatim Direct | |
Nov 1, 1903 | Salt Lake Tribune references Able's relationship with Joseph. | The Salt Lake Tribune Critic Non-LDS | Direct Scribed Paraphrase Journalism | |
Dec 17, 1903 | Deseret News refer's to Able's relationship with Joseph. | Deseret News LDS | Direct Journalism | |
Apr 7, 1905 | Salt Lake Telegram notes attendance of Jane Manning James and her brother Isaac at April 1905 General Conference. | Salt Lake Telegram LDS | Direct Journalism | |
Oct 7, 1906 | Richard Young cites anti-slavery as the cause for persecution of the Saints in Missouri. | Richard W. Young LDS | Scribed Verbatim | |
Dec 1906 | Mary Adams remembers Joseph gifting a horse to Stebbins. | Mary Ann Frost Pratt LDS | 3rd Hand Late | |
Apr 16, 1908 | Deseret Evening News obituary celebrates Jane Manning James for her faithfulness and friendships. | Deseret Evening News LDS | Journalism | |
Apr 21, 1908 | Deseret News reports funeral of Jane Manning James. | Deseret News LDS | Direct | |
Aug 26, 1908 | Joseph Fielding Smith states that Joseph declared Able's ordination "null and void." | Joseph F. Smith LDS | Scribed Summary Reprint | |
Dec 1, 1909 | Nelson Ritchie tells John Whitaker that his children had been sealed. | John Whitaker LDS | Direct | |
Dec 1, 1909 | John Whitaker cites "one drop" rule in justifying restricting Nelson Ritchie from receiving sealing. | John Whitaker LDS | Direct Reprint | |
Mar 1916 | In John Kerr's will, "Black Pete" is called "John." | John Kerr Non-LDS | Direct Reprint | |
1920 | Jenson gives date for Able's ordination as an Elder and a Seventy. | Andrew Jenson LDS | Reprint Unsourced | |
Aug 18, 1921 | B. H. Roberts comments on canonization process. | B. H. Roberts LDS | Direct | |
May 10, 1924 | Deseret News describes Samuel and Amanda Chambers as being a worthy, generous couple. | Deseret News LDS | Journalism | |
Jan 15, 1938 | Moss describes Morley's group as speaking in unknown tongues, including "Black Pete" who felt compelled to preach to the Indigenous persons. | Jesse Jasper Moss Non-LDS | Direct | |
1945 | Joseph Fielding Smith explains the application of Moses 7 in missionary work among the "Canaanites." | Joseph Fielding Smith LDS | Direct | |
Apr 19, 1961 | Lee contests legitimacy of Able's ordination. | Harold B. Lee LDS | Direct | |
Apr 10, 1963 | Joseph Fielding Smith reports that Joseph instituted priesthood and temple restriction. | Joseph Fielding Smith LDS | Direct | |
Jul 8, 1964 | Harold B. Lee offers criteria for doctrinal authoritativeness. | Harold B. Lee LDS | Direct | |
1969 | Hugh B. Brown comments on what makes teachings binding. | Hugh B. Brown LDS | Scribed Verbatim Reprint | |
Jan 1973 | Lester Bush offers source on how John Taylor felt Joseph was wrong on Elijah Able's ordination. | Lester E. Bush LDS Disaffected | Secondary | |
1979 | Ronald K. Esplin states his view that Brigham's views on priesthood ban were rooted in revelation. | Ronald K. Esplin LDS | Secondary | |
1979 | Esplin concludes that Brigham's views on priesthood ban were rooted in revelation. | Ronald K. Esplin LDS | Secondary | |
1981 | Atlas of World Cultures defines the term "Hottentot." | George Peter Murdock Non-LDS | Direct | |
1982 | Blau highlights use of two kinds of letters for _chet_. | Joshua Blau Non-LDS | Secondary | |
1984 | Görög-Karady, highlights how Vili see selves as prototypical humans, whites as cursed. | Veronika Görög-Karady Non-LDS | Secondary | |
1997 | Elwin C. Robison describes similarities of the general congregational spaces in the Kirtland and Nauvoo Temples. | Elwin C. Robison LDS | Direct Secondary | |
2000 | Nibley suggests that the priesthood restriction is related to matriarchal succession rather than race. | Hugh W. Nibley LDS | Direct Secondary | |
2002 | Susan and Harvey Black discuss how Able participated in baptisms for the dead in Nauvoo. | Susan Easton Black LDS | Direct Reprint | |
2002 | Don F. Colvin describes the rooms used for ordinances in the attic story of the Nauvoo Temple. | Don F. Colvin LDS | Direct | |
2002 | Stephen Haynes argues that associating Biblical curse language with Black people was common in the mid-nineteenth-century. | Stephen R. Haynes Non-LDS | Secondary | |
2003 | Klieman dates peoples in central Africa during era of flood. | Kairn A. Klieman Non-LDS | Direct Secondary | |
2003 | Goldenberg explains how C became identified with black skin. | David Goldenberg Non-LDS | Direct | |
2005 | Middleton explains general circumstances of Black people in 1830s Ohio. | Stephen Middleton Non-LDS | Direct Secondary | |
2005 | Anderson and Bergera document history of those who received temple ordinances in Nauvoo. | Devery Anderson LDS | Direct | |
2005 | Taylor provides account of Cincinnati race riot of 1841, when Able lived there. | Nikki Marie Taylor Non-LDS | Direct Secondary | |
2005 | Anderson and Bergera list members of Quorum of the Anointed in Nauvoo. | Devery Anderson LDS | Direct | |
2005 | Draper, Brown, and Rhodes describe Ham/Canaan as "Black." | Richard D. Draper LDS | Secondary | |
2006 - | Donald Mayne reports on a First Presidency discussion to determine whether the son of Harriet Church could receive the priesthood. | Donald Mayne LDS | Secondary | |
2006 | Connell O'Donovan writes regarding Q. Walker Lewis's passing. | Connell O'Donovan Excommunicated | Secondary | |
2009 | Staker provides biographical summary of "Black Pete." | Mark Staker LDS | Secondary | |
Mar 28, 2009 | Connell O'Donovan summarizes interracial marriage incident involving Laura Jane Berry. | Joseph Taylor LDS | Secondary | |
Mar 28, 2009 | Connell O'Donovan provides account of interracial marriage in the 19th-century Church. | Connell O'Donovan Excommunicated | Secondary | |
2011 | Eric Foner explains antebellum American racism. | Eric Foner Non-LDS | Secondary | |
2011 | Jane Manning James was "attached" to Joseph Smith as a "Servitor for eternity." | Devery Anderson LDS | Secondary | |
Feb 16, 2014 | Staker provides biographical summary of "Black Pete." | Mark Staker LDS | Secondary | |
2015 | Reeve discusses historical reasons for the priesthood ban. | W. Paul Reeve LDS | Direct | |
2015 | Reeve speculates that "Black" Peter Kerr may have been ordained to the priesthood. | W. Paul Reeve LDS | Direct Secondary | |
2018 | Bringhurst provides table listing Black people in Nauvoo during the Mormon Sojourn, 1839–1846. | Newell G. Bringhurst LDS | Direct | |
2019 | Jane Manning James receives a patriarchal blessing from John Smith in 1889. | John Smith LDS | Reprint | |
2019 | Jane Manning James receives a patriarchal blessing from Hyrum Smith in 1844. | Hyrum Smith LDS | Reprint | |
2019 | Jane Manning James is "attached as a Servitor for eternity to the Prophet Joseph Smith" in the Salt Lake Temple. | Quincy Newell Non-LDS | Reprint Secondary | |
Jan 15, 2021 | The 1880 U.S. Census lists Rebecca Meads as white. | Joseph Forman LDS | Holograph | |
May 18, 2021 | Moss summarizes Rwandan weather. | Stephen Moss Non-LDS | Direct Journalism | |
Jan 19, 2022 | Nelson Ritchie endowed and sealed after his death. | FamilySearch LDS | Secondary | |
Jan 19, 2022 | Family Search records show that Johanna Provis was endowed and sealed. | FamilySearch LDS | Direct | |
Jan 19, 2022 | Family Search records that Harriet Church was baptized in 1876; endowed and sealed in 1903. | FamilySearch LDS | Secondary | |
Jan 19, 2022 | 1850 U.S. Census lists Harriet Church as an enslaved seven-year-old. | The National Archives and Records Administration Non-LDS | Holograph | |
Jan 19, 2022 | Family Search records show that Rebecca Meads was endowed and sealed in 1863. | FamilySearch LDS | Direct | |
Jan 20, 2022 | Family Search records that Sarah Hofheintz was endowed and sealed to spouse in 1845 and 1855. | FamilySearch LDS | Direct | |
Jun 23, 2022 | William Knopp was sealed to his parents and his first wife, Jane Vale on April 29, 1845. | FamilySearch LDS | Secondary |