Saul consults a witch when traditional revelatory methods do not work.

Jacob says that God gave him a commandment to keep the history of his people.

Exodus records how God appeared to Moses in the form of a burning bush.

King Mosiah said that the interpreters have been passed down from before Lehi left Jerusalem.

Elias Ashmole discusses Belief in "Angellical Stones" which Can Result in Apparitions.

Aaron Willey described how folk-magic and superstition captivated the human mind.

Joseph recorded that he translated characters from the plates between December 1827 and February 1828.

In a revelation, Joseph was told that he had been given the right to translate by God.

Joseph Smith recorded that Oliver Cowdery acted as his scribe from April 7, 1829 onward.

Revelation to Oliver about how Oliver cannot translate BOM.

Jesse Smith refers to Joseph's spectacles and deciphering of hieroglyphics.

The Gem records that Harris says Joseph translated the BOM by putting the spectacles in a hat.

Blatchley relates Harris's quote about Joseph using "stone-eyed spectacles" to translate the BOM.

Articles and Covenants of the Church teaching that God gave Joseph the means to translate.

Wayne County Inquirer reports that Joseph used a white stone to translate BOM.

Diedrich Willers describes how Joseph would use spectacles that he claimed to find next to the plates to translate.

The Philadelphia Album reports that Joseph used two clear stones to translate the Book of Mormon.

Lucy Smith says that after Joseph repented of his sins, he was given an instrument by God by which to translate the BOM.

Campbell describes the BOM translation process as occurring in a dark room with spectacles.

David S. Burnett reports that Joseph translated the inscriptions from the Book of Mormon without looking at the plates.

"AWB" reports that Joseph used glass-looking techniques to translate the Book of Mormon.

Hampshire Gazette reports that Joseph used a stone to read the will of the Lord.

William Owen reports that ten witnesses handled the plates.

Ebenezer Robinson reports that Joseph says BOM translation process not intended for public reading.

David Marks reports as hearing that only Joseph could translate the BOM.

Joseph translated the characters using spectacles prepared by the Lord.

Boston Investigator reports that Joseph used the Urim and Thummim, two crystal stones, to translate the BOM.

Joseph writes how the Anthon incident reinforced the idea that JS needed to use the spectacles to translate the BOM.

Joseph receives revelation (now D&C 3) over lost pages/translation; God's plans will prevail in spite of errancy of men.

Joseph Knight recalls Joseph using "glass" to see Emma Hale.

Joseph said that the Book of Mormon was translated by the gift and power of God.

Jesse Townsend wrote that Joseph and Oliver Cowdery wrote a pretended translation of the BOM.

Per Martin Harris, Joseph confessed that he drank too much before translating the BOM and didn't know the contents of the BOM beforehand.

F.E.M. claims that Joseph was reported to find plates and spectacles, but delayed the translation due to memorizing NT chapters.

Oliver Cowdery says Joseph used U&T to translate the BOM.

Isaac Hale describes Joseph as using the stone in the hat while translating the BOM.

W.W. Phelps recounts that Harris declared that Joseph used silver spectacles to translate the BOM.

Oliver Cowdery described Joseph using the Urim and Thummim during the BOM translation.

D&C 107: when describing the President of the office of the High Priesthood, Joseph is called "a seer, a revelator, a translator, and a prophet."

J. Newton Brown writes an encyclopedia entry where he describes Joseph as being a glass-looker and this contributing to the coming forth of the Book of Mormon.

Oliver Cowdery says JS used the Urim and Thummim for Newel K. Whitney's patriarchal blessing.

John Whitmer testifies of use of physical existence of plates.

An unnamed correspondent said that Joseph read the reformed Egyptian by putting a stone in a hat or box.

Alphonso Wetmore writes that Joseph's translation was a farce done with marble spectacles strapped to his head with leather in a closet.

John Boswell describes Joseph as finding spectacles and going from being an idiot to having average intelligence through them.

J. Mitchell and John Dickie present a 16th century example of "magical" stones being used in a religious context in England.

John Whitmer said that he handled the plates and they were shown to him by a supernatural power.

John Corrill describes how Martin Harris took characters to NY to be translated, but that Joseph translated the BOM using two stones set in a box.

Matthew Davis says that Joseph emphasized that the BOM was direct revelation from heaven.

John Clark (based on discussion with Martin Harris) describes the translation process as occurring with a curtain and a seer stone, but favors the Spaulding theory.

Haining reports that Joseph was directed to find the place where the plates were and to translate those by the the biblical Aaron's U&T.

Charles Anthon tells T.W. Coit that Martin Harris told him that Joseph translated the plates with "a very large pair of spectacles."

William Smith tells James Murdock that Joseph could not translate a sealed portion, testifies that Joseph was divinely assisted.

Joseph showed Brigham and the other 12 Apostles the U&T which was also called a "seer stone."

Henry Caswell reports Lucy Mack as describing Joseph translating the BOM through using the Urim and Thummim resembling two large diamonds in a pair of spectacles.

Joseph Smith recorded a revelation where he stated how important it was to keep records.

Times and Seasons reprints revelation of Joseph's where it is said Joseph translated the BOM through the Urim and Thummim.

Lucy Smith offers account of BOM translation.

William Appleby writes that Joseph found the Urim and Thummim with the plates of the BOM.

James Hunt says that Joseph translated the BOM with "the big spectacles," the biblical Urim and Thummim, and by looking into his hat.

Joseph Knight recalls Joseph describing the plates and Urim & Thummim.

Joseph Knight said that Joseph used the Urim and Thummim in a hat to translate the plates.

Brigham said that Joseph had the gift of seeing.

Emma Smith described how Joseph would correct mistakes in her scribing of the translation.

Joel Tiffany records Martin Harris as giving vivid descriptions of the seer stones that Joseph used to translate the BOM.

Pomeroy Tucker relates that Joseph translated the BOM using the Urim and Thummim as well as having a sheet between him and the scribe.

Elizabeth Whitmer Cowdery describes Joseph as translating with his face in a hat.

Fayette Lapham wrote that Joseph used 'spectacles' to translate and to see the past, present, and future.

According to Martin Harris, Joseph could not translate the BOM without the gift of God.

William McLellin recounts an experience where God declared the truth of the translation to the BOM Witnesses.

William Homer records Harris testifying of BOM's divine translation.

Joseph is reported to have translated the BOM with a pair of magic spectacles, dictated to Cowdery behind a curtain.

William Sayre reports to James Cobb that Joseph used the stone from Palmyra to translate the Book of Mormon.

Jehiel Lewis said that Joseph translated the BOM using a peep stone with the same inspiration that he used for dog sacrifices.

W.W. Blair relates translation details from Morse; Joseph would place the Seer Stone in the crown of a hat to exclude all light.

David Whitmer tells J.L. Traughber that Joseph used a seer stone in the translation of the Book of Mormon; U&T narrative was introduced later.

Frederic Mather interviews various town-folk and produces an account which describes Joseph as nailing blankets to the wall during the translation.

David Whitmer corrects the record to correct report and affirm Joseph used a seer stone in a hat, and that Joseph used only one, not two, stones.

David Whitmer said that Joseph used a small oval or kidney-shaped stone called the Urim and Thummim to translate the plates.

Deseret News reports how Martin Harris unsuccessfully tried to trick Joseph during the translation by replacing seer stone with an ordinary stone Martin Harris discovered.

George Q. Cannon cites David Whitmer reporting that Joseph translated with a stone in the hat "which all light was excluded."

Martin Harris tells Simon Smith that Joseph the Urim and Thummim to translate the BOM.

David Whitmer tells Zenas Gurley that the "interpreters" were taken from Joseph after Martin Harris lost the 116 pages.

Martin Harris says Joseph used the seer stone in a hat to translate the BOM.

David Whitmer describes how Joseph received revelation through a seer stone.

Andrew Jenson provides account of David Whitmer showing him the BOM manuscript and identifying the handwriting of the various scribes.

David Whitmer said that the Book of Mormon was not translated by the power of man and not derived from the work of Spaulding.

Martin Harris told Anthony Metcalf that Joseph used a stone in a hat and would spell out the English words.

Katharine Salisbury reported that Joseph could only translate once sins were forgiven.

Andrew Lang described common tools used in scrying (e.g., sword among ancient Romans; polished Iron in medieval Europe).

Nathan Tanner jr. reported David Whitmer said Joseph alternated between the Urim and Thummim and a seer stone.

John W. Peterson recalls William Smith telling him Joseph put the U&T (which looked like a pair of spectacles) in a hat or some other dark object to translate the plates.

Theodore Farley in 1940 recounts Martin Harris affirming testimony in the Book of Mormon having been translated by the gift and power of God.

Herbert Passin and John Bennett offered academic discussion of traditional "Magic" in Illinois town.

Richard Anderson taught that Joseph used a seer stone to translate plates in Ensign.

Blake T. Ostler argues that the Book of Mormon is an ancient record with nineteenth century expansions.

Neal A. Maxwell taught that Joseph used a seer stone to translate plates in Ensign.

D. Michael Quinn said that seer stones common for treasure digging in Palmyra in Joseph's time.

Historian Ashurst-McGee perspective on Joseph's progression from village seer to prophet.

Richard Bushman describes how the Book of Mormon might have been translated.

2012 Seminary Teacher Manual States Plates Translated by "Urim and Thummim."

2013 D&C Manual Published by Church: Urim and Thummim is an instrument that aids a seer in the work of translation.

Anthony Sweat depicted Joseph using a rock in a hat to translate the BOM in a Deseret Book publication.

Steven Snow affirmed in Ensign that Joseph used a Seer Stone to translate the Plates.

Artistic Depiction of Joseph using Seer Stone in a hat in the Church History Topics.

John Welch gives quotes and overview of various sources discussing BOM translation.

2020 Come Follow Me Manual References Joseph using a seer stone to translate plates.

Michael Mackay addresses importance of gold plates (even when hidden while Joseph translated).

The Church says that the plates are evidence that links the Book of Mormon to the ancient world.

Grant Hardy discusses how Joseph may have translated the Book of Mormon.