B. H. Roberts's Testimony

195 Primary Sources

Date
Summary
1566

Diego de Landa calls the fiber (kapok) of the Ceiba tree "silk."

1807

Francesco Saverio Clavigero makes reference to Spanish comparing native fibers to silk.

Jan 28, 1908

Richard Rathbun tells Charles A. Shook that the Anthon manuscript has no relationship to American or Middle Eastern languages.

1909

B. H. Roberts argues the JS could not have derived the BOM from VOTH.

1910

Charles A. Shook criticizes BOM claims about metallurgy, horses, etc.

1921

Questions from James F. Couch about BOM issues.

Aug 1921 - Dec 1921

Opening pages of "Book of Mormon Difficulties" manuscript by B. H. Roberts.

Aug 22, 1921

William E. Riter inquires of James E. Talmage about Book of Mormon questions.

Nov 11, 1921

George W. Middleton comments on difficulty of BOM questions, answers them.

Dec 1921

Janne Sjodahl explains how others may pre-date/co-exist with Book of Mormon peoples.

Dec 3, 1921

Ralph Vary Chamberlain responds to the questions posed about the Book of Mormon.

Dec 20, 1921

William E. Riter gives BOM questions to James E. Talmage, writes to B. H. Roberts.

Dec 28, 1921

B. H. Roberts promises to answer William E. Riter's questions.

Dec 29, 1921

B. H. Roberts writes report highlighting seriousness of BOM questions/issues.

Jan 1, 1922

BHR says JS could have used creative imagination to write BOM.

Jan 1922 - May 1922

Manuscript of "A Book of Mormon Study" by B. H. Roberts.

Jan 4, 1922 - Jan 5, 1922

Heber J. Grant records the meetings with B. H. Roberts discussing Book of Mormon problems.

Jan 4, 1922 - Jan 5, 1922

James E. Talmage discusses the meetings held with B. H. Roberts about Book of Mormon difficulties.

Jan 4, 1922 - Jan 5, 1922

John A. Widtsoe describes meeting with B. H. Roberts discussing Book of Mormon issues.

Jan 4, 1922 - Jan 5, 1922

George Albert Smith notes meetings with B. H. Roberts in his private journal.

Jan 9, 1922

B. H. Roberts articulates his disappointment on the meeting with Heber J. Grant over the BOM.

Jan 31, 1922

BHR comments on the need to have stronger apologetics for the BOM.

Feb 2, 1922

JET reports on meeting with BHR, JAW, AI re: BOM.

Feb 6, 1922

B. H. Roberts comments on answering James F. Couch's questions.

Feb 27, 1922

William E. Riter replies to B. H. Roberts' letter addressing James F. Couch's questions; says his questions were answered.

Apr 28, 1922

JET meets with JHM over BOM difficulties.

May 1922

Janne M. Sjodahl criticizes "higher criticism" of Bible and BOM in Juvenile Instructor.

Oct 1922

B. H. Roberts cites the BOM as containing ancient prophecies.

1923

B. H. Roberts writes missionary tract on the historicity and inspiration of the Book of Mormon.

1923

B. H. Roberts writes missionary tract on the Book of Mormon; assumes historicity and inspiration throughout.

Mar 15, 1923

B. H. Roberts writes report on his confidence in solving BOM difficulties; affirms his "unshaken" belief in the BOM.

Apr 1923

B. H. Roberts cites the BOM as scripture to defend the deity of Christ.

Oct 1923

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon in his October 1924 conference talk.

1924

B. H. Roberts says the Book of Mormon is "a new witness for God" to the Latter-day Saints.

Jan 1924

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon's teachings on Christ at the centennial of Moroni appearing to Joseph.

Feb 1924

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon's prophetic teachings on the destiny of America; reviews its peoples of "ancient times."

Apr 1924

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon to defend the divinity of Christ.

Jul 14, 1925

B. H. Roberts calls the Book of Mormon "ancient" and a "translation."

Oct 1925

B. H. Roberts cites the BOM in general conference.

Oct 1926

B.H. Roberts affirms in 1926 that he thinks BOM objections can eventually be answered.

Oct 1926

B. H. Roberts refers to the BOM as a translation revealed by an angel and to JS's inspiration.

1927

B. H. Roberts writes on apostasy in the BOM; presents the traditional, faithful narrative of the coming forth of the BOM; affirms the record's historicity.

1927

Preface to third edition of New Witnesses for God, published in 1927.

Feb 1927

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon as ancient and prophetic in its testimony of Christ.

Apr 1927

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon to defend the divinity of Christ; calls it a translation.

Aug 11, 1927

B. H. Roberts speaks on the prophetic nature of the Book of Mormon.

Oct 1927

B. H. Roberts cites prophesies in the Book of Mormon about the United States.

Oct 1927

B. H. Roberts original manuscript of "A Parallel" listing 18 points of parallel between View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon.

Oct 24, 1927

B. H. Roberts writes letter to Richard R. Lyman explaining the intent of his "A Parallel" manuscript.

Dec 24, 1927

B. H. Roberts cites the BOM to defend the deity of Christ; describe it as being written by an ancient prophet.

1928

B. H. Roberts describes the Book of Mormon as "scripture" written anciently.

Mar 3, 1928

B. H. Roberts writes on Book of Mormon geography; speaks of the "ancient Nephite people."

Apr 1928

B. H. Roberts sermonizes on the importance of the Book of Mormon.

May 1928

B. H. Roberts calls the BOM a "revelation" that was brought forth by God.

Jun 16, 1928

B. H. Roberts praises the philosophy in the Book of Mormon; says JS was incapable of producing it.

Jun 30, 1928

B. H. Roberts argues the philosophy in the BOM is supported by modern philosophers.

Sep 15, 1928

B. H. Roberts describes Christ appearing among the Nephites.

Oct 1928

B. H. Roberts sermonizes on the coming forth of the Book of Mormon.

Oct 4, 1928

B. H. Roberts speaks of inspired aphorisms in the Book of Mormon.

1928

BHR comments on antiquity of BOM.

1928

B. H. Roberts says "ancient American race" represented in Book of Mormon.

Feb 5, 1929

B. H. Roberts writes of the divine origins of the Book of Mormon.

Apr 1929

B. H. Roberts testifies that the D&C and POGP are evidence for Joseph's inspiration like the Book of Mormon is.

1930

B. H. Roberts writes of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon for the Church's official centennial history.

Apr 1930

B. H. Roberts speaks to BOM's divinity and prophetic qualities.

May 24, 1930 - May 25, 1930

B. H. Roberts tells audience in LA about his experience writing Rasha the Jew.

Oct 4, 1930

B. H. Roberts testifies that Joseph saw God in vision.

Oct 11, 1930

B. H. Roberts calls Moroni an "ancient prophet."

Oct 18, 1930

B. H. Roberts writes that the Book of Mormon is a record of God's dealings with the ancient inhabitants of America.

Oct 25, 1930

B. H. Roberts discusses how the Book of Mormon testifies of Christ.

Nov 1, 1930

B. H. Roberts discusses the BOM's witness of Christ.

Nov 25, 1930

B. H. Roberts mentions Alma's "inspired" teachings in the Book of Mormon.

Dec 6, 1930

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon as scripture on teachings about Jesus as Creator.

Dec 20, 1930

B. H. Roberts writes on the fulfillment of prophecy in the Book of Mormon with the birth of Christ.

1931

B. H. Roberts affirms the historicity and inspiration of the Book of Mormon.

1931

B. H. Roberts republishes material affirming the historicity, inspiration, and purpose of the Book of Mormon.

1931

B. H. Roberts cites the Book of Mormon as an ancient witness to the divinity of Christ.

Jan 11, 1931

Minutes of meeting indicate B. H. Roberts used sacrament prayers in Moroni and David Whitmer as evidence of the Book of Mormon.

Jan 23, 1931 - Jan 24, 1931

Meeting Minutes indicate B. H. Roberts bore his testimony of the gospel.

Jan 31, 1931

B. H. Roberts calls the Book of Mormon "new dispensation scripture".

Mar 7, 1931

B. H. Roberts says Lehi lived before Christ and spoke prophetically.

Mar 7, 1931 - Mar 8, 1931

B. H. Roberts speaks on the sacrament, probably about the sacrament prayers in the Book of Mormon.

Apr 4, 1931

B. H. Roberts speaks of the Book of Mormon as a witness for the birth and resurrection of Christ.

Apr 28, 1931

B. H. Roberts calls the Book of Mormon "a new volume of scripture" and affirms its historicity.

Nov 9, 1931

George W. Middleton writes to B. H. Roberts with questions about the Book of Mormon.

Nov 13, 1931

B. H. Roberts writes to George W. Middleton addressing his questions about the Book of Mormon.

Nov 19, 1931

B. H. Roberts writes to James H. Moyle addressing questions about the Hill Cumorah.

Jan 24, 1932

B. H. Roberts in stake meeting talk reaffirms his faith; talks about meeting David Whitmer.

Mar 14, 1932

B. H. Roberts explains that "Studies" was never meant to be published; calls it an "awful" book.

Mar 15, 1932

B. H. Roberts says the Book of Mormon's "attitude" is not the same as other books promoting Hebrew origins theory for Native Americans.

Mar 15, 1932

B. H. Roberts affirms the inspiration of Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon in a public speech.

Apr 23, 1932 - Apr 24, 1932

B. H. Roberts speaks of Joseph Smith's and the Book of Mormon's inspiration at a stake conference in San Francisco.

Dec 1932

B. H. Roberts bears testimony of Joseph Smith.

1933 - 1967

Antoine R. Ivins's copy of B. H. Robert's "A Parallel".

1933

B. H. Roberts describes his time as president of the Eastern States Mission; mentions the centennial celebration of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon.

Mar 1933

B. H. Roberts cites the 8th Article of Faith and affirms it as "our faith."

Mar 19, 1933

B. H. Roberts cites Book of Mormon prophecies in a stake meeting.

Apr 1933

B.H. Roberts describes the BOM as a prophetic text.

Jun 24, 1933

B. H. Roberts affirms his belief in Joseph Smith's prophethood; says he translated the Book of Mormon.

Aug 7, 1933

Wesley Lloyd reports on conversation with B.H. Roberts about Church's reaction to studies.

Sep 1, 1933

Jack Christensen recalls hearing B. H. Roberts say Ethan Smith played no part in the authorship of the Book of Mormon.

Sep 28, 1933

Deseret News obituary for B. H. Roberts.

Jul 22, 1939

B. H. Roberts son denies his father lost his testimony in the Book of Mormon.

1945

Fawn Brodie argues that VOTH was a source of inspiration for Joseph Smith.

1948

In discourses delivered between 1932-1933, B. H. Roberts affirms the inspiration and historicity of the BOM.

Jan 1956

Mervin B. Hogan publishes B. H. Roberts' "A Parallel" study comparing View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon; describes the meeting where the manuscript was distributed.

Jan 1956

BHR charts similarities between View of the Hebrews and BOM.

1957

Clayton E. Ray writes on potential for Pre-Columbian horses in Journal of Mammalogy.

Oct 1959

Hugh W. Nibley reviews Fawn Brodie's arguments for the Book of Mormon's dependency on View of the Hebrews.

1961

Joseph Fielding Smith mentions BHR's studies and says the Church has a copy of View Of The Hebrews in its archives.

1963

Hal Hougey argues that Joseph plagiarized View of the Hebrews; gives list of parallels between View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon.

1966

Robert H. Malan reviews the last decade of B. H. Roberts's life.

1967

Matthew Wallrath calls native fiber "wild silk."

Dec 26, 1967

H. Grant Ivins tells Heber M. Holt about B. H. Roberts's manuscript and that he found copies in the papers of Antoine R. Ivins.

1972

Russel B. Swensen recalls B. H. Roberts ironically saying people would be disturbed if they knew the real history of the Church.

Sep 22, 1973

H. Grant Ivins says he saw a copy of B. H. Roberts's study at BYU before Roberts died in 1933.

Nov 1, 1973

H. Grant Ivins writes about reading B. H. Roberts's manuscript after getting it from Roberts's grandson.

Nov 4, 1973

H. Grant Ivins writes about having read B. H. Roberts's study, having gotten it from Brigham E. Roberts.

Nov 8, 1973

H. Grant Ivins reports secondhand claim about B. H. Roberts remark on Church history.

Nov 27, 1973

H. Grant Ivins says he obtained B. H. Roberts's manuscript from Brigham E. Roberts; claims friend's wife's uncle has a copy of View of the Hebrews with Joseph's handwriting; claims Russell Swenson heard B. H. Roberts claim half the church would apostatize if it knew the church's real history.

Dec 1973

George Hansen describes how B. H. Roberts obtained a copy of View of the Hebrews.

Dec 4, 1973

H. Grant Ivins expresses his interest to publish B. H. Roberts's manuscript.

Dec 23, 1973

Heber Holt recalls hearing B. H. Roberts he (Roberts) could fix mistakes in his scholarship.

Dec 27, 1973

Lowry Nelson writes about the background of B. H. Roberts getting a copy of View of the Hebrews.

Dec 29, 1973

H. Grant Ivins writes to Brigham E. Roberts explaining how B. H. Roberts got a copy of View of the Hebrews.

Oct 1977

Robert Madden et al. make reference to "steeled iron" in the 10th century B.C.

Sep 13, 1978

Russel B. Swensen recalls hearing B. H. Roberts tell him people would apostatize from the church if they knew the history.

1979

Jerald Tanner and Sandra Tanner examine B. H. Roberts' BOM study manuscript; say he was losing his testimony in the BOM.

1979

Truman G. Madsen summarizes B. H. Roberts's studies of View of the Hebrews during the 1920s.

1979

Wesley P. Walters in Journal of Pastoral Practice argues that Oliver Cowdery could have supplied VOTH to JS.

1980

BHR died of complications related to diabetes.

1980

Truman G. Madsen offers summary of B. H. Roberts's advocacy for the Church.

1980

Truman G. Madsen mentions B. H. Roberts being described as the "warhorse."

1980

Jerald Tanner and Sandra Tanner review B. H. Roberts's manuscript; say he had doubts about the Book of Mormon.

1980

Robert N. Hullinger argues it is a "strong case" that JS directly borrowed from VOTH.

May 1981 - Jun 1981

Madison U. Sowell reviews the View of the Hebrews controversy, concludes the debate is indecisive.

1982

Truman G. Madsen reviews B. H. Roberts' studies on the Book of Mormon and View of the Hebrews.

Dec 1983

Truman G. Madsen reviews B. H. Roberts's study of VOTH in the Ensign.

1984

George D. Smith argues the historical record is mixed on whether B. H. Roberts lost his testimony; cites statements from former missionaries.

1985

University of Illinois Press edition of B. H. Roberts's Book of Mormon studies.

1985

Henry D. Taylor recalls knowing B. H. Roberts; recalls Roberts bearing testimony of JS.

1985

John L. Sorenson provides evidence of loan-shifting in Mesoamerica.

1985

John W. Welch lists a variety of "unparallels" between View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon to argue against plagiarism or dependence.

Dec 15, 1985

John W. Welch reviews B. H. Roberts's BOM studies and the VOTH controversy.

Dec 31, 1985

John W. Welch's summary of Book of Mormon research since B. H. Roberts.

1986

Gordon Shepherd reviews Studies in the Book of Mormon.

1986

Thomas G. Alexander reviews Studies of the Book of Mormon.

1986

John W. Welch reviews works related to B. H. Roberts and the BOM.

Mar 1986

John W. Welch mentions Ethan Smith and View Of The Hebrews in a 1986 Ensign article about B. H. Roberts.

1987

William D. Russell reviews Studies of the Book of Mormon.

1988

John W. Welch reviews the history of B. H. Roberts's "Studies of the Book of Mormon" and concludes Roberts did not lose his testimony.

1990

Amihai Mazar makes reference to a pick from the 11th century B.C. "made of real steel."

1990

Gary James Bergera, editor of B. H. Roberts's memoir, notes that Roberts does not mention his Book of Mormon studies.

1992

Brigham D. Madsen comments on BHR's belief in the BOM.

1992

Mary LeCron Foster's 1992 presentations on correspondences between Old World and New World languages.

1992

John L. Sorenson argues that the Book of Mormon contains strong implicit support for "others" being in the land when Lehi arrived and their being incorporated into the Nephites and Lamanites.

1992

Mark J. Fretz in the Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary makes reference to "sickle swords" in pre-exilic Israel.

1992

Robert Richards reviews View of the Hebrews for the Encyclopedia of Mormonism.

1992

John W. Welch reviews B. H. Roberts's studies on View of the Hebrews.

1993

Robert Drews makes reference to, and provides image of, a "sickle sword" in pre-exilic Egypt.

1993

Brigham D. Madsen argues that B. H. Roberts lost his testimony.

1996

Throughout The Truth, The Way, The Life, B. H. Roberts affirms the historicity and inspiration of the Book of Mormon.

1996

Margaret R. Bunson and Stephen M. Bunson list "wild horses" among animals in Mesoamerica that went extinct from around 11,000-7,000 B.C.

1996

James B. Allen writes on how B. H. Roberts used the Book of Mormon in his final unpublished work "The Truth, the Way, and the Life."

1996

John W. Welch notes that B. H. Roberts accepted the Book of Mormon's historicity and inspiration in The Truth, The Way, The Life.

1996

Richard F. Keeler argues that "Mr. Couch" is James F. Couch.

Jun 1996

Richard F. Keeler makes argument for identification of Mr Couch.

1997

Brigham D. Madsen argues B. H. Roberts lost his testimony.

1997

Daniel C. Peterson responds to claims that B. H. Roberts lost his testimony.

1997

D. Michael Quinn reviews the life and ministry of B. H. Roberts; notes his studies of the BOM.

1999

Davis Bitton reviews B. H. Roberts's Book of Mormon scholarship.

2002

George D. Smith reviews B. H. Roberts's work on the Book of Mormon; concludes he probably became a skeptic.

2003

Daniel C. Peterson and Matthew Roper discuss plausibility of Book of Mormon "horses" being Mesoamerican tapirs.

2004

Daniel C. Peterson and Matthew Roper discuss plausibility of BOM "horses" being Mesoamerican tapirs.

2004

John Sillito writes that whether B. H. Roberts lost his testimony cannot be answered conclusively.

Nov 17, 2004

JAT argues for presence of "others" in BOM Lands based on presence of idolatry among BOM peoples.

2005

JEC gives an overview of the growth in the BOM's historical accuracy since its initial publication.

May 2005

BTO argues for presence of "others" in BOM lands based on Helaman 5-7.

Jul 17, 2005

Philip Ireland writes about the discovery of the skeleton of a horse that may have lived and died 50 years before Spanish conquered California.

2006

John E. Clark gives an overview of the growth in the Book of Mormon's historical plausibility since 1830.

2009

Richard C. Roberts writes about the publication of B. H. Robert's Book of Mormon studies.

Dec 29, 2009

James Haile et al argue for dating of horse remains in Alaska to 10500 years BP based on sedimentary DNA analysis.

2013

John L. Sorenson theorizes that Book of Mormon "horses" may have been Mesoamerican tapirs.

2013

Church listing Book of Mormon changes to Introduction re: Native American principal ancestors.

2015

Brian D. Stubbs's book-length study of connections between Afro-Asiatic and Uto-Aztecan languages.

2016

Truman G. Madsen records Elizabeth Schofield Hinckley's comment about BHR remaining a believer in the BOM during his BOM Study.

2016

Beau Abernathy and Marten Krijgsman calls one of Goliath's weapons on 1 Samuel 17:45 (Hebrew כידון, kydwn) a "scimitar."

2017

Wade E. Miller and Matthew Roper give an overview of modern scholarship and "horses" in the Book of Mormon.

2018

Anthony P. Andrews and Fernando Robles Castellanos on Horses Surviving into Post-Pleistocene Times in Mesoamerica.

Dec 2019

SCM's MA Thesis arguing BHR did lose faith, evidenced by 1922 meetings with Church leadership.

2020

Brian D. Stubbs responds to criticisms of his work on the relationship between Afro-Asiatic and Uto-Aztecan languages.

2020

The Church's website addresses arguments that the Book of Mormon derives from Solomon Spaulding and View of the Hebrews.

Dec 8, 2021

Tyler J. Murchie et al. publish paper on DNA research of 3000BC North American horses.

Dec 9, 2021

Smithsonian Magazine publishes a story on new evidence of North American horse DNA as recently as 5,000 years ago.

2022

Wade E. Miller et al. publishes evidence for horses in the Americas during the Post-Pleistocene/Pre-Columbian era.