History of the Cain-as-cursed-wanderer motif.
Sweeney, Marvin Alan; Cotter, David W.; Walsh, Jerome T.; Franke, Chris, The Twelve Prophets: Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (Collegeville, Philadelphia: Liturgical Press, 2000), 102
The imagery serves as a metaphor for exile, and corresponds to the portrayal of Cain, who is forced to wander in the land of Nod ("Wandering") desert as a result of the murder of his brother Abel (Gen 4:1-16). Many commentators point to this verse as a statement of the notion of the "wandering/eternal Jew,"...the "Eternal Jew" is a figre rejected by G_d and forced to wander among the nations for the rejection of Jesus as the Christ."