Haynes describes widespread explanation for black skin and slavery in the 1830's based on Noah's curse of Canaan.
Stephen R. Haynes, Noah's Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 8
By the 1830s—when the American antislavery movement became organized, vocal, and aggressive—the scriptural defense of slavery had evolved into the "most elaborate and systemic statement" of proslavery theory … and references to Genesis 9 appeared prominently in [proslavery] publications.