Text of the Act of January 27, 1816, passed by the General Assembly of Ohio, prohibiting the issuing and circulating of unauthorized bank paper.

Webster's 1828 dictionary defines of "Specie."

In a letter from August 1836, Oliver Cowdery notes that he is "ready to help incorporated bodies to plates and dyes" to print banknotes.

Agreement between Joseph, Sidney Rigdon, and Oliver Cowdery and William Draper Jr. and Elizabeth Staker Draper concerning the purchase of 13.25 acres of farmland.

Invoice from Winthrop Eaton to SIdney Rigdon et al. makes payment to "Kirtland Safety Society Bank."

Joseph reports the establishment of the Kirtland Bank and the procuring of plates for the bank; petition to Ohio legislature for an act of incorporation was not successful.

Sidney Rigdon, in an editorial in the Messenger and Advocate, teaches that the Lord would bless the Saints’ industry with prosperity.

The Kirtland Safety Society Discounted notes (circa January 1837).

Image of a $2 Kirtland Safety Society Bill.

An article in the Cleveland Daily Gazette claims that there is no property, coinage on hand or responsible individuals backing the bills issued by the Kirtland Bank.

The Painesville Republican reports on the establishment of the Kirtland Bank.

Wilford Woodruff reports on he and other Church leaders being threatened by a mob from Painesville; they attempted to demolish the Kirtland Bank.

Wilford Woodruff records hearing Joseph address the Church on the temporal business of the Church; notes that Joseph and Sidney Rigdon "bought the [Bank of] Monroe charter" for the Kirtland Bank.

The Joseph Smith Papers website provides historical background to the Samuel Rounds vs. Joseph Smith lawsuit (February 1837).

The Messenger and Advocate publishes the minutes of the Kirtland Safety Society; name of institution changed from "Kirtland Safety Society Anti-Banking Company" to the "Kirtland Safety Society Banking Company."

Isaac Russell defends the Kirtland Bank against the claim that has refused to redeem its paper in specie.

Daily Advertiser (Cleveland) publishes a letter from an advertiser noting that the Kirtland Bank "would have relieved the community" with the capital backing it but it was hampered by "vested rights" and "chartered privileges."

The Messenger and Advocate republishes S. A. Davis' editorial critiquing Latter-day Saints in Kirtland; accuses them of desiring "the perishable riches of this world."

Wilford Woodruff reports Joseph and Hyrum Smith teaching that Kirtland be a center of commerce where "Kings of the earth would come to behold the glory thereof."

Emma Hale Smith, in a letter to Joseph, hints at their growing financial difficulties due to "every body" gaining access to his goods.

Lyman E. Johnson and Orson Pratt accuse Joseph of lying, misrepresentation, and extortion.

Joseph, reflecting on the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society, notes that a spirit of speculation was prevalent in the Church; no quorum in the Church was exempt from the influence of "those false spirits."

Transcription of hearing of Bank of Geauga vs. JS et al., held circa June 6, 1837, recorded by Charles H. Foot.

Writ issued against Joseph and Oliver Cowdery on June 6, 1837.

Transcription of hearing, held between circa June 3-9, 1837, of "State of OH v JS for Threatening to Take Life," reprinted in the Painesville Telegraph.

Text granting special bail to Reuben Hedlock and John Gaylord issued by David D. Aiken on June 10, 1837.

Grandison Newell, in a letter to the editor of the Painesville Telegraph, accuses Joseph of attempting to cause him physical harm.

Record of transactions between the Kirtland Bank and the Bank of Monroe.

In an editorial for Messenger and Advocate, Warren Cowdery discusses the establishment and subsequent failure of the Kirtland Bank.

Mortgage agreement between the Church and Mead, Stafford & Co., July 11, 1837, for the Kirtland Temple.

The Herald and Gazette (Cleveland) compares Martin Van Buren's tenets on the subject of banks and currency to that of Joseph and the Kirtland Bank.

Revelation from July 23, 1837, addressed to Thomas B. Marsh, addresses the dissenters during the Kirtland era and their return through Marsh's mediation.

George W. Robinson reports that John F. Boynton believed that the Kirtland Bank "was instituted by the will of God" and he was told it would not fail.

Joseph, in a letter dated September 4, 1837, reports that John F. Boynton believed the Kirtland Safety Society was instituted by command of God and would not fail.

October 24, 1837 judgment against Joseph by Samuel Rounds, totaling $1,024.10; Grandison Newell received $604.50 from the sheriff.

Warren Parrish (junior officer in the Kirtland Bank) recovers costs against Samuel Rounds.

Docket entry for the judgment against Joseph issued October 25, 1837.

Listing of docket entry costs, as recorded by David D. Aiken, during Rounds qui tam v. JS, circa October 25, 1837.

Transcript of proceedings recorded by Charles H. Foot during Eaton v. JS and Oliver Cowdery, circa October 27, 1837.

Docket listing costs issued against Joseph and Oliver Cowdery during Eaton vs. JS and O. Cowdery trial, issued October 27, 1837.

In a letter to the editor of the Painesville Republican, Warren Parrish discusses the Kirtland Bank; notes he was astonished to hear Joseph declare that the bank had $60,000 in specie and $600,00 at their command.

Vilate Kimball writes to Heber C. Kimball, informing him of the division that took place in the Church due to the failure of the Kirtland Bank.

The Painesville (Ohio) Telegraph reports on fraud committed by forging orders from the Bank of Kentucky and the procuring of plates of notes of the bank.

Text of assignment of judgment during Rounds qui tam v. JS issued March 1, 1838, as recorded by William Marks.

Transcription of the proceedings from Wright v. Rigdon et al., held circa April 3, 1838, as recorded by Charles H. Foot.

Parley P. Pratt, in the Elders' Journal, argues that the letter published May 23, 1837 by critics "is not a true copy" of the letter he wrote; affirms his belief in the Book of Mormon and Joseph.

John Corrill discusses the Kirtland Bank and its failure; notes that charges of dishonesty were made against Joseph and Sidney Rigdon as well as against the dissenters.

E. G. Lee claims Smith put boxes in the safe of the Kirtland bank marked "$1,000" filled with lead, not specie.

Joseph, in his journal, records receiving the assignment to settle the debt with Grandison Newell from Oliver Granger's son, Gilbert.

The Wasp publishes a notice from J. H. Rolston noting that Joseph declared himself to be bankrupt being discharged from his debts.

Justin Butterfield, in a letter to Charles B. Penrose, notes that he defeated Joseph's application for bankruptcy.

John Whitmer, in his history, records the establishment of the Kirtland Bank; claims it was "for the purpose of speculation."

George A. Smith states that the overall cost of the Kirtland temple "not less than one hundred thousand dollars."

George A. Smith, in a sermon from 1864, accuses Warren Parrish and other dissenters of stealing from the safe of the Kirtland Bank.

Writing in November 1880, Joseph Young informs Lewis Harvey that the Kirtland Bank is a stumbling block for Church members.

J. H. Kennedy reports that there was a general acceptance and circulation of the Kirtland Bank's notes in its first weeks of operation.

James Thompson recalls that Grandison Newell "used to drive about the country and buy up all the Mormon money possible," and then, the next day, "go to the bank and obtain the specie."

Comptroller of the Currency of the United States report for 1891; discusses the capital of various banks including those in Ohio.

Ernest Ludlow Bogart reports on the shift to state bank money in Ohio; notes the Ohio legislature made it illegal for any person to act as an agent or circulate notes for the Bank of the United States.

William H. Dillistin provides a bibliography of newspapers and periodicals known as "bank note reports and counterfeit detectors" from 1826 to 1866.

John A. Widtsoe discusses the Kirtland Bank and the question of Joseph's honesty in his business dealings.

Willis Thornton notes the poor economic conditions of the Saints when they left Kirtland.

Robert Fielding Kent disputes the reliability of the claim that the Kirtand Bank failed due to Warren Parrish purportedly stealing $25,000.

B. H. Roberts notes that the Kirtland Bank "made a mistake" in using notes printed from plates prepared for their anticipated bank issue, reading "Anti-Bank-ing Co." instead of "Kirtland Safety Society Bank."

Willard Richards teaches that the bills issued by the Kirtland Bank "are as safe as gold."

Robert Fielding Kent discusses land purchases by Joseph; accuses him of engaging in speculation.

George Dangerfield discusses the Second Bank of the United States; notes that it collected $2 million in coin, $14 million in government securities, and $12 million in personal notes.

Leland Homer Gentry, in a PhD thesis on the history of the Church during the Missouri period, provides a discussion of the failure of the Kirtland Bank.

John W. Rigdon reports that Sidney Rigdon disagreed with Joseph's decision to start the Kirtland Bank without a charter, but Joseph convinced him otherwise.

Max H. Parkin notes that some early Church leaders and members engaged in speculation.

Max H. Parkin argues that "there can be no doubt" that Joseph encouraged Church members to have confidence in the Kirtland Bank.

Max H. Parkin discusses, and defends, the Kirtland Safety Society being capitalized at four million dollars at its inception.

Dean A. Dudley discusses the history of the Kirtand Bank; notes that it had significant assets, notably land.

Frankl Wayland-Smith discusses the agreement to establish the "Oneida Community Limited" in November 1880.

Scott H. Partridge discusses the failure of the Kirtland Bank and the question of how much blame Joseph has for such; also discusses contemporary banks and their failures.

Marvin S Hill et al. discuss the Kirtland Bank; concludes that the economic situation was "not so bad as students have supposed" it to be and Joseph et al. operated on common assumptions about economic trends.

Milton V. Backman, Jr. reports that the financial losses of the Kirtland bank approached $40,000; Joseph had accumulated debts amounting to approximately $100,000.

Edwin B. Firmage and Richard Collin Mangrum discuss the Kirtland Bank and the lawsuit against Joseph and Sidney Rigdon.

Paul M. Edwards notes the inexperience of Church leaders in banking and financial affairs.

Kevin Dowd discusses the impact of the economic collapse of 1837 on banks in Michigan.

Howard Bodenhorn notes that banks allowed for supplying residents with a local currency and a source of credit.

Richard Lyman Bushman discusses the establishment and failure of the Kirtland Safety Society.

Allen N. Berger and H. S. Bouwman discuss the creation of liquidity by banks.

Mark Staker notes that, by September 14, 1836, the firm of Smith, Rigdon, & Cowdery were acquiring property and other asserts to be used in their banking endeavor.

George A. Smith recollects being told by Joseph Cole that Joseph should not have any involvement over temporal matters, such as the Kirtland Bank.

Mark Staker estimates the total cost of the construction of the Kirtland Temple to be "a little over $40,000."

Revelation to Joseph where the Lord promises that the Church will be given the power to pay off their debts.

Doctrine and Covenants Section 109 includes the text of Joseph's prayer dedicating the Kirtland Temple on March 27, 1836.

Gordon A. Madsen discusses the impact of the litigation against Joseph and their effects upon the Kirltand Economy after the failure of the Kirtland Bank.

Douglas A. Nyholm discusses the currency and economics of the Church in 1837.

Youssef Cassis and Philip L. Cottrell discuss the establishment of banks in Europe; notes that the Protestant Bethmanns played a leading role in placing foreign securities in Frankfurt's financial centre in the 18th-centry.

The Joseph Smith Papers website discusses the history of the Kirtland Safety Society.

The Joseph Smith Papers website provides a biography of Grandison Newell.

Church Website's essay on the Kirtland Safety Soceity discusses its origins and the reasons for its failure.

Oliver H. Olney discusses the history of the Kirtland Bank; accuses Joseph of filling bags in the safe of the bank with sand to deceive people concerning its reserves.

CPI Inflation Calculator estimates $40,000 in 1837 would be worth $1,301,383.33 today.

The Joseph Smith Papers website discusses the history of the Kirtland Bank.

CPI Inflation Calculator estimates $30,000 in 1837 would be worth $976,037.50 in 2024.

Don Bradley discusses the formation of the Kirtland Bank and how Joseph's relationship with Fanny Alger added to the fall out between Joseph and Oliver Cowdery after the bank's financial issues.

CPI Inflation Calculator estimates $100,000 in 1837 would be worth $3,253,458.33 today.

The Joseph Smith Papers discusses the amount of the Kirtland Safety Society's initial capital stock.