JSP editors discuss marginal characters in BOA manuscript margins.
Brent M. Rogers et al., eds., The Joseph Smith Papers, Documents, Volume 5: October 1835–January 1838 (Salt Lake City, UT: The Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 75
Like the other two copies of the Book of Abraham manuscript, the featured document contains characters—many of which are hieratic characters, a cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphs—in the left margin. Many of the characters were copied from a portion of the papyri referred to by modern Egyptologists as the "Breathing Permit of Hôr." Though the juxtaposition of the characters and Book of Abraham text implies a relationship between the two, the exact nature of that relationship is not stated. Modern Egyptologists agree that the Book of Abraham text is not a translation of the characters.