Now that haplogroup X has been found in specific modern Native North American tribes, it must be determined from which civilizations or cultures in antiquity they descend. There are three key cultures of antiquity found within the North American continent and they are centered in the river valleys of the Mississippi, the Ohio, and the Great Lakes regions. These cultural periods associated with these civilizations are designated as Early Woodland, Middle Woodland, and Late Woodland. Each period is represented by the Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian cultures respectively.

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The Hopewell civilization dates to the same chronological time frame as the Nephite culture recorded in the Book of Mormon. The Nephite civilization has been shown to have 25 independernt correlations with the archaeological record of the Hopewell. It has also very recently been discovered and published that haplogroup X mtDNA markers were also present in the remains of ancient Hopewell individuals.