Little concrete research has been done to show how LDS women in particular feel about themselves and how they look. But one study published in 2007 by researchers at Brigham Young University noted that LDS females (of college age) had a more positive body image than non-LDS females generally, although LDS females in Utah had less positive body images than LDS females residing in other states. Other researchers who provide counseling to Latter-day Saints have indicated that there is a high prevalence of conditional self-worth among the community, meaning that individuals base their self-esteem on “arbitrary external conditions or requirements being met,” as BYU-Idaho professor John M. Rector, Ph.D., put it in an article called "Origins of Human Worth."