Joseph Smith's Pre-1830 Education


Did Joseph Smith[BIO] really only have a third-grade education?
Yes, probably. It's hard to compare early nineteenth-century educational grade levels to modern grade levels. Joseph was mostly homeschooled and seemed to have a good grasp of reading, a little bit of writing, and some basic arithmetic.[1]
Does this lack of education show that he couldn’t have written the Book of Mormon himself?
Yes, it does support that idea. Joseph said he was "mearly instructtid [sic] in reading and writing" however, Emma Smith said that Joseph could "neither write nor dictate a coherent and well-worded letter" at the time Joseph translated the Book of Mormon.[2]
The earliest example of Joseph's penmanship is shown in a fragment of the 1829 manuscript of the Book of Mormon.[3]
Related Question
Did Joseph Smith own a talisman inscribed with symbols of the Roman God Jupiter?
Read more in Joseph Smith's Jupiter Talisman
But didn’t Mark Twain have a similar level of education?
Not really. Mark Twain[BIO] had obtained a fifth-grade education before he had to leave school.[4] After that, he worked in the publishing industry as a printer’s apprentice and typesetter.[5] He also didn’t write his first book until 1869,[6] when he was 34 years old and had been writing for many years.[7] Joseph worked as a farmer and manual laborer,[8] and he began translating the Book of Mormon when he was 23 years old.[9]
What about Abraham Lincoln?
Yes, Abraham Lincoln[BIO] did have a similar level of education. Lincoln attended a grade school sporadically until he was 15 years old, but he estimated his formal schooling "did not amount to one year."[10] He credits his education to studying self-education reader booklets with his older sister Sarah.[11] Unlike Joseph Smith, he never published a book, but Lincoln did obtain his law license by the age of 25 and wrote many speeches in his lifetime.[12]
Didn’t Joseph have many educated family and friends around him while growing up?
Yes, his grandmother Lydia Gates[BIO] was a school teacher,[13] and his father, Joseph Smith Sr.,[BIO] was also schoolteacher for a time.[14] Oliver Cowdery[BIO] was also a school teacher.[15] They all had a basic education, but none of them had any experience in theology or writing books.
Didn't Joseph have a relative named John Smith who was a professor at Dartmouth College?
No, probably not. Dr. John Smith,[BIO] was erroneously recorded as being Joseph Smith Jr.'s first cousin thrice removed[16] though he was actually from a different, unrelated Smith family line.[17] Dr. John Smith's father's name was Joseph Smith, and his mother's name was Sarah Sawyer[18], who was understandably confused with a different Joseph Smith who was married to Elizabeth Palmer, both of which were cousins of Asael Smith and Mary Duty,[19] Joseph Smith Jr.'s grandparents.
Dr. John Smith received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in the arts from Dartmouth , received an honorary doctorate in divinity from Brown, and was a professor of ancient languages at Dartmouth as well as a pastor for the college church.[20] He died in 1809 when Joseph Smith was three years old.[21] There is no record of any involvement between Dr. John Smith and Joseph's family.
Did Joseph's brother Hyrum go to Dartmouth College?
No. Hyrum Smith[BIO] was sent to Moor's Indian Charity School, a grammar school for children, when he was about 12 years old[22], and may have attended sporadically until he was about 15.[23] Eleazar Wheelock[BIO] started the Moor's Charity School to teach Native American children[24] and later founded Dartmouth College.[25]
Moor's Indian Charity school was eventually moved to Dartmouth's campus, but it was not part of the College, and served as "sort of a feeder school for Dartmouth" for "students who were not prepared to take on College level studies."[26][27]
- Logan
“Joseph Smith’s lack of an education doesn’t prove in and of itself that the book is true, but it creates a compelling argument that one should try reading it and pray to find out for themselves.” - Kenton
“Being homeschooled myself, it's clear that Joseph's education was on the farm, in the home, and in the scriptures. He could read, but his writing and his ability to put words into English seemed to frustrate him until he had gained a deeper education. He was smart, not a scholar.”