Earliest known oath of vengeance in an LDS temple context. Introduced by Joseph Smith in March 1836.

John Taylor recounts the martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith on June 27, 1844.

Allen Joseph Stout resolved to avenge the blood of Joseph and Hyrum Smith while there remains descendants of their murderers on the earth.

The Nauvoo Neighbor Extra reports on the deaths of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, June 27, 1844.

William Clayton's record of Heber C. Kimball making a covenant to never rest until he avenges murder of Joseph and Hyrum Smith.

Oliver B. Huntington's report of Brigham Young's anti-Government speech from May 14, 1848.

In a sermon, Orson Hyde speaks of the death penalty for those who steal in 1853.

Brigham Young teaches that the murderers of Joseph will, in future, submit to "blood atonement."

Brigham says in a speech that his role as governor is influenced by his position in the priesthood.

Hosea Stout records the raid made on the office of Stiles that led to the Utah War.

Journal History of the Church reports the death of Parley P. Pratt.

Wilford Woodruff records council meeting where actions against US army were discussed.

Franklin D. Richards, as brigadier general, showing the determination to fight if necessary.

Daniel H. Wells writes to William H. Dame evidencing an effort to win the allegiance of the Indians.

Brigham young says he may be unable to restrain the Indians from exterminating the U.S. troops.

Jesse Smith reports on the Fancher company passing through his area.

Hosea Stout records Brigham Young's rejection of the authority of the U.S. Government over Deseret.

Samuel Pitchforth, in his journal, reports that the emigrants were acting "mean" and threatening towards LDS.

Letter from Brigham Young 1 day before MMM ordering that the Fancher Company to pass by without any interference.

Brigham Young commands the people to refrain from shedding blood if it can be avoided.

Wilford Woodruff's account of John Doyle Lee making his report to Brigham Young about MMM.

Los Angeles Star calls on the Government to investigate the massacre.

George Powers the army and Indian preparation for possible military action he witnessed.

John Doyle Lee, in a letter to Brigham Young, writes that the emigrants poisoned the animals and Indians to be blamed for the massacre.

Based on a rumour heard from a resident of Salt Lake, Chicago Tribune writes that Church leaders were to blame.

Orders from James Buchanan to march to Utah to put down a supposed rebellion.

Heber C. Kimball's sermon acknowledging the split between Deseret and the U.S. government only 9 days after MMM.

Wilford Woodruff, in a sermon delivered 16 days after MMM, shows his support to go do war if necessary.

Heber C. Kimball teaches that Deseret will take physical action against any U.S. troops who decide to invade the area.

Heber C. Kimball, in an August 1857 sermon, teaches that Deseret will take physical action against any U.S. troops who decide to invade the area.

George A. Smith writes that migrants acted in an antagonistic, sometimes even violent, fashion towards LDS and Indians.

Thomas L. Kane's recollection of an interview with Indian chief Kanosh. Emigrants poisoned the cattle.

James Buchanan issues Amnesty for certain crimes during Utah War.

Account of massacre written by Smith and McKnight at Cedar City. Much of the blame is put onto the Indians.

Garland Hurt's statement that the Indians participated in the massacre due to the influence of Church members.

Orson Hyde teaches that the blood of Joseph and Hyrum Smith are to be atoned for 4 months after massacre.

According to Albert Tracy, John Cradlebaugh dismissed the grand jury due to General Johnston withdrawing Cradlebaugh's army escort, not due to Cradlebaugh being upset with the jury's performance.

Valley Tan reproduces discharge for jury re: Parrish and Potter murders.

New York Times reports on the discharging of the jury and defendants during the first trial.

Forney writes to Anderson concerning his investigations into massacre. Lists surviving children.

Elias Smith issues warrant for Brigham Young's arrest on charge of being accessory after the fact.

James Henry Carleton's survey of the remains at Mountain Meadows Massacre.

According to Jacob Forney the children who survived the massacre are "competent witnesses" for a trial.

In a letter, William Rogers writes that the emigrants were fooled by (fake) white flag of truce and killed by Mormons.

Jacob Forney believes Utah War Amnesty included the Mountain Meadows Massacre.

James Lynch's statement concerning recovery of survivors from the Mountain Meadows Massacre.

Brigham Young repeats what he heard Alfred Cumming tell Charles E. Sinclair: they did not want the guilty to be persecuted to paint the Church in negative light.

Article in Christian Observer claims that the massacre was carried out by Mormons dressed as Indians.

J.S. Black, in letter to Alexander Wilson, writes that Judge John Cradlebaugh, grasping for prosecutorial power, would not give Wilson the warrants for execution.

Jacob Forney reports that the emigrant party found themselves facing difficulties with the Piedes before the massacre.

Valley Tan publishes William H. Rogers details of the remains at the massacre site in April 1859.

Jacob Forney, in a report, states that, while Indians are given some blame, bulk of responsibility imputed to Mormons.

Charles Brewer puts the blame on the Mormons. Records burying the remains at the massacre site.

William H. Rogers records finding the orphaned children with John Doyle Lee.

Brigham Young is reported to have removed the slab commemorating massacre placed there by a US army officer by George F. Price.

Union Vedette prints article blaming the Blood Atonement & Mormon Reformation sermons from Brigham Young and Jedediah M. Grant to blame for the massacre.

Union Vedette reports that Indians who participated in massacre blame the Mormons and leaders for it.

Brigham Young tells George A. Hicks if he is guilty of participating in MMM, he would "try the remedy." He also affirms truth of Gospel not affected by massacre.

Hymn (in the 1869 hymnal) teaching that the blood of those slaughtered pleads before God for vengeance.

Hymn speaking of deliverance from oppression; used as rally cry during Utah War.

Hymn in 1869 hymnal warning of foes being at the door of their homes who seek plunder and to avenge blood of prophets.

Deseret News records Brigham Young teaching that the Church and its members never harmed anyone.

John D. Lee in private journal testifies that Brigham Young did not know about the massacre until after it happened and would have tried to stop it if he could.

Deseret Evening News records George Q. Cannon teaching that the massacre was carried out by a few earnest but foolish men with burning zeal.

Cyrus Hawley places blame on Mormon people for the massacre.

Brigham Young is reported to have removed the slab commemorating massacre in Chicago Daily Tribune.

T. B. H. Stenhouse mentions the "Missouri Wildcats" in 1873, at a time when the rumor began to spread.

T. B. H. Stenhouse confirms that running the cattle off was used, with success, against the Army.

John Taylor decries the Mountain Meadows Massacre as "diabolical."

Jacob Boreman, in charge to Grand Jury, states that the Mormons are ignorant due to acceptance of polygamy and leaders engage in deception.

David P. Whedon believes only with Federal assistance can there be a fair trial and guilty brought to justice.

Philip Klingensmith reports that the emigrant train passed Cedar City on or around September 3.

Petition for Indicted. Bonds for bail are discussed. Any outstanding arrest warrants moved to be cancelled.

John Doyle Lee's affidavit claiming innocence.

Interview with John Doyle Lee in May 1875 by the Salt Lake Tribune.

Statement from John Doyle Lee issued by his lawyer in July 1875. Claims he is innocent. Shares his informing Brigham about the massacre and his being distraught at such.

Article published in New York Times blames LDS leadership for Mountain Meadows Massacre.

Salt Lake Tribune's report of Bishop's interrogation of Klingensmith during the 2nd trial.

George A. Smith's affidavit from 1875. Denies any role in planning the massacre or knowledge of it until after the fact.

Jacob S. Boreman's charge to the jury during John Doyle Lee's first trial.

Massacre survivor Nancy Huff Cates (who was 4 at the time of the massacre) shares her memories of the massacre.

George Q. Cannon says that critics are blaming church for unsolved crimes in Utah.

Charles L. Walker reports that Brigham Young was "foiled by Judge Cradlebaugh" and had to change his strategy regarding the massacre.

Laban Morrill gives testimony at Lee trial about what he heard in the Cedar City Council.

Jacob S. Boreman's charge to the jury trying trial for Mountain Meadows Massacre.

Sumner Howard complaining of political intrigue from former prosecutors to malign his successful efforts.

Jacob Boreman passed the death sentence on John Doyle Lee who chooses to be shot as his method of execution.

Ann Eliza Young mentions an oath of vengeance against Government and people in the endowment.

John Doyle Lee in posthumous book says he thinks George A. Smith was sent by Brigham to prepare the massacre.

John Doyle Lee claims he sent a messenger to Isaac C. Haight asking for help to stop the Indians from attacking the wagon train further.

John Doyle Lee says Isaac C. Haight plotted to give the emigrants a "brush" and attack them.

David O. Calder says John Doyle Lee's distorted view of doctrine caused massacre.

Brigham Young telegraphs President Rutherford B Hayes asking him to appoint a commission to investigate the massacre and punish the offenders.

Sumner Howard writes in letter that John Doyle Lee was guilty and deserving of his faith. The evidence he was guilty was overwhelming.

Article records that Captain John Tobin will be a principal witness to prove Brigham Young's connection with massacre.

William Bishop (John Doyle Lee's lawyer) lists those involved at Mountain Meadows as accessories before and after the fact. Calls Brigham Young the greatest criminal of the 19th century and blames teachings concerning Blood Atonement.

John Doyle Lee claims ignorance of Brigham Young's September 10, 1857 letter, and puts the blame on the Indians for the massacre.

Transcript of William Bishop's questioning of his client John Doyle Lee in Mormonism Unveiled.

John Doyle Lee's final words before his execution March 23, 1877.

Sumner Howard provides refutation of claim John Doyle Lee never confessed at all and that "last confession" was falsified.

J. H. Beadle Beadle records an account of massacre shared with him by Lee. Exempts Brigham from ordering it and blames the emigrants for inciting a lot of anger against them.

Discussion and presentation of excerpts from John Doyle Lee's trial by the Juvenile Instructor. Tries to exonerate Church leaders.

Abraham O. Smoot recalls hearing about federal troops coming to Utah in summer 1857.

Polemical response to Charles W. Penrose on the massacre. Argues Brigham Young was an accessory after the fact.

Franklin D. Richards preaches that the blood of the Joseph and Hyrum Smith is upon the U.S. nation.

Deseret Weekly reports on hearing in federal court about the existence of an Oath of Vengeance.

Abraham H. Cannon records his father George Q. Cannon saying he made the oath of vengeance in the Nauvoo endowment.

Wilford Woodruff (in 1889) denies there being an oath to avenge Joseph and Hyrum Smith's deaths in the endowment.

Andrew Jenson's corrections to the discussion concerning massacre as found in Hubert Howe Bancroft's History of Utah.

Hubert Howe Bancroft disputes plausibility behind rumors that the U.S. Government wanted to invade the territory and kill Mormons.

Mary S. Campbell shares her recollections of massacre with Andrew Jenson.

Ellott Willden provides testimony of William C. Stewart murdering William Aden.

Samuel Knight shares his recollections of Mountain Meadows with Andrew Jenson.

David W. Tullis shares his recollections of Mountain Meadows Massacre with Andrew Jenson.

In his statement, John Hawley claims that the Endowment ceremony in Salt Lake City had an oath to avenge Joseph Smith's death.

John M. Higbee's 1894 recollection of the Mountain Meadows Massacre.

Francis M. Lyman records what he was told concerning the massacre by George Adair (who himself heard such from others) in 1895.

Jabez G. Sutherland's letter to John W. Christian on why Judd hesitated to dismiss the indictment against John S. Higbee.

Massacre participant Joel W. White denying that he had given damaging testimony against John M. Higbee.

Andrew Jenson, in Church Chronology, records William H. Dame, George Washington Adair jr., and John Doyle Lee being admitted to bail.

Albert, an Indian boy who lived with Jacob Hamblin's family shares details about the massacre.

Contents of the "oath of vengeance" provided during the Smoot hearing. "Vengeance" to be carried out by God, not man.

David McKay records George Washingon Adair Jr., starting that it was John S. Higbee, not John Doyle Lee, who gave the order to kill the emigrants.

Massacre participant Nephi Johnson's affidavit concerning the massacre. States that John Doyle Lee lied to Brigham Young when he blamed the Indians and that Brigham wanted to bring those responsible to justice.

In a late recollection, David H. Cannon describes the instruction at the Endowment House in regards to vengeance.

Rudger Clawson's discussion of MMM published by the Church's British Mission in part, a response to Hubert Howe Bancroft.

Brigham Young informed Isaac C. Haight he deserved to be hanged for his participation in the massacre.

Collins R. Hakes, an eyewitness to John Doyle Lee's execution, recounts Lee's last words in 1877.

Juror Andrew Corry's March 1932 recollection of a conversation of dream where John Doyle Lee would be made a scapegoat.

Mountain Meadows's survivor Sallie Baker Gladden Mitchell shares her memories of the massacre in 1940.

Juanita Brooks summarizes her conclusions from her 1950 study of the massacre.

First Presidency makes the decision to reinstate John Doyle Lee to full membership (ordinances performed May 8-9, 1961).

Wilford Hill Lecheminant provides biographical detials of William Harney.

Levi S. Peterson describes Juanita Brooks's efforts to get John D. Lee's temple blessings restored.

Excerpts of Gordon B. Hinckley's comments at the dedication of the Mountain Meadows Massacre monument in 1999, published in the Ensign.

Henry B. Eyring comments on massacre on its 150th anniversary; says that the massacre was abhorrent in light of the Gospel.

Deseret News interprets the comments of Henry B. Eyring and Gordon B. Hinckley as the Church apologizing for the massacre.

Church News reports on the 150th anniversary memorial service for the massacre.

Appendix on the Iron County Militia lists its members.

Walker et al. mention the institutional support they had from the Church for their book.

Ronald W. Walker, Richard E. Turley, Glen M. Leonard provide brief biographical sketch of John M. Higbee.

Ronald W. Walker, Richard E. Turley, Glen M. Leonard provide brief biographical entry for Philip Klingensmith.

Ronald W. Walker, Richard E. Turley, Glen M. Leonard provide brief biographical entry from Nephi Johnson.

Summary of Massacre at Mountain Meadows.

Study in International Journal of Legal Medicine concludes that the Emigrants did Not Poison the Water Supply and Animals.

Gospel Topics Essay Addressing the Mountain Meadows Massacre.

Biographical entry for Brigham on the Church Historian's Press website.

Biographical entry for Daniel H. Wells by the Church Historian's Press.

Summary of the book Vengeance Is Mine: The Mountain Meadows Massacre and Its Aftermath.

BYU Harold B. Lee Library gives biographical entry to its holdings of Jacob Hamblin's papers.